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Investigation of Health Risk Assessment and the Effect of Various Irrigation Water on the Accumulation of Toxic Metals in the Most Widely Consumed Vegetables in Iran Publisher Pubmed



Sharafi K1 ; Mansouri B2 ; Omer AK3 ; Bashardoust P4, 5 ; Ebrahimzadeh G6 ; Sharifi S7 ; Massahi T8 ; Soleimani H4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Research Institute for Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Food Hygiene and Quality Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Student’s Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
  8. 8. Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2022


Abstract

The quality of irrigation water sources can significantly affect the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs) in cultivated vegetables. This study aimed to investigate the effect of various water resources, including treated wastewater effluent (TWE), river water (RW), and well water with chemical fertilizer (WW+F), on the accumulation of heavy metals (HMs) in the three most widely consumed edible vegetables (Coriander, Radish, and Basil) in Iran. A total of 90 samples of edible vegetables, 13 samples of irrigation water, and 10 soil samples were collected to determine HMs concentrations. Iron (Fe), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), Cadmium (Cd), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni,) and Arsenic (As) were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). Eventually, the Total Target Hazard Quotient (TTHQ) for the toxic metals of As, Pb, and Cd was determined. The results revealed that the TTHQ of toxic metals in vegetables was less than the allowable limits (TTHQ = 1). Also, TWE was the best irrigation water type since the HMs content of vegetables was low. By comparing the results with national and international standards, it can be concluded that the Gharasou RW for irrigation of edible vegetables was inappropriate. © 2022, The Author(s).
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