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Fabrication of an All Solid State (Ass) Polymeric Membrane Sensor (Pme) for Tramadol and Its Application



Ganjali MR1, 2 ; Larijani B3 ; Pourbasheer E4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Center of Excellence in Electrochemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Biosensor Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Chemistry, Payame Noor University (PNU), P.O. Box 19395-3697, Tehran, Iran

Source: International Journal of Electrochemical Science Published:2016

Abstract

Tramadol is a 4-phenyl-piperidine analogue of codeine which is mainly used as an analgesic agent prescribed for moderate to severe pains. The compound is commonly available as a hydrochloride salt. Due to the widespread applications of tramadol, and the consequent need for its analysis in various samples, the current work focuses on the development of an all solid state polymeric membrane electrode (ASS-PME) for the facile and rapid analysis of tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceutical formulations, using an ion-pair compound in the sensing element. The best results were observed with PME containing 8% w/w of TM-tetraphenyl borate ion-pair, 58% w/w of dibutyl sebacate as the solvent mediator, 31% w/w of PVC as the polymeric matrix, 3% w/w of an ionic liquid as the ionic additive. The all solid state (ASS) element which was later coated with the PME was a composite of graphite, multi walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), and an epoxy resin. The composite was coated on a copper wire, as the internal contact. The tramadol selective ASS-PME showed a Nernstian response of 56.3±0.4 mV/decade in a broad concentration range (i.e. 1.0×10-7 to 1.0×10-3 M). The application device was validated and the results showed that the developed ASS-PME can be reliably used the analysis of Tramadol hydrochloride in pharmaceuticals. This was further tested through the measurement of the active ingredient of tramadol tablets, the results of which turned out to be accurate and precise. © 2016 The Authors.