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Co-Infection With Dual Streptococcus Pneumoniae Serotypes As a Cause of Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis in Iran: A Multi-Center Cross-Sectional Study Publisher Pubmed



Tabatabaei SR1 ; Shamshiri A2 ; Azimi L1 ; Nazarialam A3 ; Karimi A1 ; Mirjavadi SA4 ; Tariverdi M5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatric Infections Research Center, Research Institute for Children’s Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  4. 4. 17th Shahrivar Children’s Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Guilan, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Medicine, Children’s Clinical Research Development Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran

Source: BMC Infectious Diseases Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Meningitis is considered a life-threatening infection with high mortality all over the world. Hemophilus influenzae (H. influenzae) and Streptococcus pneumoniae (S. pneumoniae) are regarded as the two most common infectious agents causing bacterial meningitis. This study aimed to identify H. influenzae and S. pneumoniae serotypes in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of pediatric patients with meningitis, using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Methods: This multi-center cross-sectional study included 284 children with suspected meningitis referred to 4 target hospitals. Overall, 412 samples (128 blood and 284 CSF samples) were obtained from the patients from November 14, 2016 to November 15, 2017. The extracted DNA was examined using multiplex real time PCR to screen for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae. S. pneumoniae serotyping was also done by multiplex PCR. Results: Out of 284 CSF specimens, 22 were positive for ply S. pneumoniae. Of 20 DNA samples meeting the Quality Control (QC) standards for serotyping, 7 (35%), 6 (30%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 2 (10%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%) and 1 (5%) were positive for serotypes 3, 11A, 6A, 14, 7C, 23F, 23B, 19A, and 19F and 5, respectively. Overall, nine samples were positive for two serotypes, of whom 3 and 11A were the most common from Tehran province. Of note, one of these CSF samples showed a new co-infection with serotypes 7C and 14. Also, 6 samples (30%) were positive for H. influenzae detected by bexA primer. None of the blood samples were positive for S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae. Conclusion: Co-infection with S. pneumoniae serotypes can occur in bacterial meningitis and it might be missed if all serotypes are not evaluated in CSF specimens. © 2022, The Author(s).
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