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Entomopathogenic Fungi As Guardians of Elm Trees: A Review of Dual-Action Biocontrol Agents Targeting Scolytus Spp. and Their Associated Ophiostoma Species Publisher



Akbari Oghaz N1 ; Rahnama K1 ; Vatandoost H2 ; Afshari A1 ; White JF3 ; Hyde KD4, 5 ; Yazdanian M1 ; Salari E1 ; Hatamzadeh S1 ; Taheri A1
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Plant Production, Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Golestan, Gorgan, 4918943464, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Entomology and Vector Control, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 1416753955, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, 089018520, NJ, United States
  4. 4. Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand
  5. 5. School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

Source: Journal of Invertebrate Pathology Published:2025


Abstract

The elm tree, an integral component of riparian ecosystems worldwide, has experienced significant mortality due to Dutch elm disease (DED). This review highlights that only 20 out of the 127 identified species within the genus Scolytus have been reported as vectors of DED. A critical research gap exists in the use of entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) for controlling Scolytus species that vector DED. Current research has primarily focused on S. scolytus, S. multistriatus, and S. schevyrewi, identifying fourteen EPF species as effective biocontrol agents. Notably, only five of these EPFs, including Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana, Nomuraea rileyi, Trichoderma harzianum, and T. polysporum, have been proposed as antifungal agents against Ophiostoma ulmi and O. novo-ulmi. Additionally, environmental factors, such as temperature and UV exposure, along with synthetic substances like pesticides and fungicides, can significantly impact the efficacy of EPFs in biocontrol applications. The paucity of information on the dual control of elm bark beetles and associated pathogenic Ophiostoma species is notable. Despite the limited scope of existing studies, they underscore the dual benefits of EPFs as both bio-fungicides and bio-insecticides. This review posits that EPFs present an effective approach to integrated pest management for DED and advocates for a renewed focus on research into this promising strategy, taking into account environmental factors that could enhance their efficacy. © 2025 Elsevier Inc.