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Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Population Aged 50 Years and Over: The Gilan Eye Study Publisher Pubmed



Behboudi H1 ; Rajavi Z2, 3, 4 ; Sabbaghi H2, 5 ; Katibeh M6 ; Kheiri B7 ; Yaseri M8 ; Moradian S7 ; Alizadeh Y1 ; Ahmadieh H7 ; Pakbin M9, 10 ; Bouyeh A11 ; Moradi A4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  2. 2. Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Negah Aref Ophthalmic Research Centre, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Public Health, Centre for Global Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
  7. 7. Ophthalmic Research Centre, Research Institute for Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Noor Ophthalmology Research Centre, Noor Eye Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Translational Ophthalmology Research Centre, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Rehabilitation Research Centre, Department of Optometry, School of Rehabilitation Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: European Journal of Ophthalmology Published:2024


Abstract

Purpose: To describe the prevalence of refractive error (RE) and its association with other environmental and health factors among population aged ≥50 years who lived in Gilan, Iran in 2014. Methods: In this population-based cross-sectional study, 3281 individuals aged ≥50 years living in Gilan for at least 6 months were enrolled. The prevalence of different types of REs including myopia (spherical equivalent (SE)≤-0.50D), high myopia (SE ≤ -6.00D), hyperopia (SE≥ + 0.50D), high hyperopia (SE≥ + 3.00D), astigmatism (cylinder < -0.50D) and high astigmatism (cylinder < -2.25D) were determined. Anisometropia was defined as the SE difference of ≥1.00D between the two eyes. Associated factors including age, body mass index (BMI) and education were also studied. Results: 2587 eligible individuals (58% female subjects) with the mean age of 62.6 ± 8.8 years participated (87.6% response rate). The prevalence of myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism was 19.2%, 48.6% and 57.4%, respectively. 3.6% high hyperopia, 0.5% high myopia and 4.5% high astigmatism were identified. The positive simultaneous effects3 of older age (Odds Ratio (OR) = 3.14), nuclear (OR = 1.71) and posterior subcapsular (OR = 1.61) cataracts as well as the negative effects of higher levels of education (OR = 0.28) were obtained on myopia. Higher BMI was found as a risk factor for hyperopia (OR = 1.67), while older patients were less likely to be hyperopic (OR = 0.31). Conclusion: Higher incidence of myopia and astigmatism was found in patients aged over 70 years. It was also found that patients at older ages who suffered with cataracts were at a higher risk of myopia, while elderly people with greater BMI were at a higher risk of hyperopia. © The Author(s) 2023.
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