A Concept Analysis of White Lie From Nurses’ Perspectives: A Hybrid Model



Nasrabadi AN¹ ; Joolaee S^{2, 3} ; Navvab E⁴ ; Esmaeilie M^{4, 5} ; Shali M⁴ Show Affiliations
Source: HAYAT Published:2019

Abstract

Background & Aim: White lie is one of the inevitable challenges that creates an ethical dilemma during the patient care process. White lie remains an abstract concept in caring process. The aim of this study was to analyze the concept of white lie in the caring process using a hybrid model. Methods & Materials: A hybrid model of concept analysis including three phases was used in this study. In the theoretical phase, different databases including PubMed, CINAHL, Scopus, Science Direct, Google scholar, SID and Magiran were searched for finding relevant articles published in 1980-2018. The keywords were truth, white lie, care and deception (in Persian and English). In the fieldwork phase, semi-structured in depth interviews were conducted with nurses. In next step, by combining the two previous stages, the final analysis was performed. Results: In the theoretical phase, the attributes of the concept were determined, including “harmlessness”, “without personal motivation” and “use in compulsion situations”. In the fieldwork phase, three main categories such as “the sweetness of the bitter truth”, “harmless sentences to prevent harm” and “temporary relief to balance the situation” were identified from the data analysis. By merging the concepts extracted from the theoretical and fieldwork phases, “white lie in the patient care process” was defined as “an ethical decision without personal motivation, which is chosen in unstable situations to prevent predictable harms to the patient in facing the bitter truth”. Conclusion: Although a definition of white lie was developed based on the above three phases, the further development of this concept requires a deeper look at the Iranian-Islamic culture. Therefore, further research is recommended in other medical centers in the country. © 2019, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS). All rights reserved.