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Fabrication and Examination of Polyorganophosphazene/Polycaprolactone-Based Scaffold With Degradation, in Vitro and in Vivo Behaviors Suitable for Tissue Engineering Applications Publisher Pubmed



Gholivand K1 ; Mohammadpour M1 ; Alavinasab Ardebili SA1 ; Eshaghi Malekshah R2 ; Samadian H3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Medical Biomaterial Research Centre (MBRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2022


Abstract

The present study aimed to synthesis a proper scaffold consisting of hydroxylated polyphosphazene and polycaprolactone (PCL), focusing on its potential use in tissue engineering applications. The first grafting of PCL to poly(propylene glycol)phosphazene (PPGP) was performed via ROP of ε-caprolactone, whereas PPGP act as a multisite macroinitiator. The prepared poly(propylene glycol phosphazene)-graft-polycaprolactone (PPGP-g-PCL) were evaluated by essential tests, including NMR, FTIR, FESEM-EDS, TGA, DSC and contact angle measurement. The quantum calculations were performed to investigate molecular geometry and its energy, and HOMO and LUMO of PPGP-g-PCL in Materials Studio2017. MD simulations were applied to describe the interaction of the polymer on phospholipid membrane (POPC128b) in Material Studio2017. The C2C12 and L929 cells were used to probe the cell–surface interactions on synthetic polymers surfaces. Cells adhesion and proliferation onto scaffolds were evaluated using FESEM and MTT assay. In vitro analysis indicated enhanced cell adhesion, high proliferation rate, and excellent viability on scaffolds for both cell types. The polymer was further tested via intraperitoneal implantation in mice that showed no evidence of adverse inflammation and necrosis at the site of the scaffold implantation; in return, osteogenesis, new-formed bone and in vivo degradation of the scaffold were observed. Herein, in vitro and in vivo assessments confirm PPGP-g-PCL, as an appropriate scaffold for tissue engineering applications. © 2022, The Author(s).