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Design and Validation of the Questionnaire to Determine the Warmness and Coldness of the Liver Mizaj (Temperament): A Self-Report Scale Publisher



Jafari P1 ; Mojahedi M2, 3 ; Tansaz M4 ; Ilkhani R4 ; Abbassian A5 ; Namdar H6 ; Isfeedvajani MS7, 8 ; Zareyian A9, 10 ; Shirafkan H11 ; Ebadi A12 ; Hakimi F4 ; Shirzad M5, 13 ; Chaichiraghimi M4 ; Parsa E14 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Jafari P1
  2. Mojahedi M2, 3
  3. Tansaz M4
  4. Ilkhani R4
  5. Abbassian A5
  6. Namdar H6
  7. Isfeedvajani MS7, 8
  8. Zareyian A9, 10
  9. Shirafkan H11
  10. Ebadi A12
  11. Hakimi F4
  12. Shirzad M5, 13
  13. Chaichiraghimi M4
  14. Parsa E14
  15. Mokaberinejad R4
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Persian Medicine, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  2. 2. Traditional Medicine and History of Medical Sciences Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  3. 3. Mizaj Health Research Institute (MHRI), Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Traditional Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Traditional Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Traditional Persian Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Health in Disaster & Emergencies, Faculty of Nursing, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  10. 10. Research Center for Cancer Screening and Epidemiology, Aja University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Health Research Institute, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  12. 12. Nursing Care Research Center, Clinical Sciences Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Persian Medicine Network (PMN), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Traditional Pharmacy and Persian Medicine, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of Advances in Medical and Biomedical Research Published:2024


Abstract

Background & Objective: Traditional medicine use is growing, highlighting the need to standardize diagnostic indices and treatment methods. In Persian medicine (PM), the concept of Mizaj (temperament), especially the Mizaj of major organs such as the heart, brain, and liver, has an important role in diagnosing and treating diseases. The present study aimed to provide a standard tool for diagnosing the warm-cold Mizaj of the liver. Materials & Methods: A two-stage exploratory study reviewed literature and interviewed PM specialists to identify and construct questions related to liver Healthy Mizaj and Su-e-Mizaj (dystemperament). After assessing the preliminary questionnaire's validity and reliability, the final questionnaire's sensitivity, specificity, and cutoff point were determined. The normal distribution was tested with Kolmogorov-Smirnov. ANOVA, post-hoc tests, and the Mann-Whitney test were used for normal distribution data. Results: Twenty PM specialists, methodologists, and 245 volunteers participated in this study. The initial questionnaire was regulated based on 180 items in the data pool and after different stages of validity and reliability assessment, 13 items remained. Sensitivity and specificity according to the cutoff point were, respectively, 79 and 74 for the warm liver Mizaj, 80 and 74 for the cold, and so 70 and 77 for the moderate liver Mizaj. Conclusion: For diagnostic and research purposes, this is the first self-report questionnaire that assesses the warm and cold liver Mizaj in people aged 20 to 60. © 2024, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services. All rights reserved.
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