Bioactive Chitosan/Polycaprolactone Cryogel Sponge Co-Loaded With Ciprofloxacin and Ginger for Controlled Drug Release and Healing of Infected Wounds Publisher



Ghelich R ; Farhangian M ; Asbagh RA ; Abdizadeh H ; Ahmadi Tafti SM ; Foroutani L ; Chehresonboll Y ; Poopak A
Source: Materials and Design Published:2025

Abstract

Bacterial infections remain a major challenge to effective wound healing, highlighting the need for multifunctional dressings with both antibacterial and regenerative properties. Here, we report the development of a ciprofloxacin (CIP)- and ginger extract-loaded chitosan lactate/polycaprolactone (Chit/PCL) cryogel sponge for the treatment of Escherichia coli-infected wounds. Cryogel sponges were fabricated through in situ chemical crosslinking followed by cryogelation and freeze-drying, with ciprofloxacin and ginger extract incorporated during the blending stage to ensure homogeneous distribution within the polymeric network. The synergistic antibacterial and pro-healing effects of CIP and ginger extract were integrated within a porous, mechanically robust Chit/PCL matrix. Among different formulations, Chit60/PCL40 exhibited the highest porosity (80 ± 3 %), moderate hydrophilicity (contact angle: 63.5 ± 2.2°), and enhanced compressive strength (0.40 ± 0.03 MPa), providing a balanced structural–biological profile. Controlled release of both CIP and ginger extract ensured sustained antibacterial efficacy, while in vitro fibroblast assays confirmed cytocompatibility. Notably, in vivo studies using E. coli -infected rat models demonstrated significantly accelerated wound closure with Chit60/PCL40/CIP/Ginger compared to controls. Overall, this multifunctional cryogel serves as a dual-action wound dressing, combining infection control with tissue regeneration, and holds strong potential for advanced wound care applications. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.