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Solid-Phase Extraction Followed by Deep Eutectic Solvent Based Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction and Gc-Ms Detection of the Estrogenic Compounds in Wastewater Samples Publisher



Davoodi R1 ; Nodehi RN1, 2 ; Rastkari N2 ; Zinatizadeh AA3 ; Mahvi AH1, 4 ; Fattahi N5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran
  4. 4. Center for Solid Waste Research (CSWR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health (RCEDH), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: New Journal of Chemistry Published:2020


Abstract

Solid-phase extraction (SPE) combined with deep eutectic solvent based dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DES-DLLME) has been developed as a highly sensitive technique for the ultra preconcentration of estrogenic compounds in wastewater samples prior to their analysis by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). This coupling not only allows for the extraction of compounds from complex matrices such as sewage and wastewater, but also provides very high enrichment factors. In this technique, a new deep eutectic solvent (DES) was prepared by blending citric acid monohydrate and 1-octyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride at a molar ratio of 1 : 1. Variables affecting the performance of both steps were thoroughly investigated. Under the optimized conditions, the enrichment factors and extraction efficiency are between 33 000-41 000 and 55-68%, respectively. The SPE-DES-DLLME provided a high enrichment factor for estrogenic compounds. The limits of detection (LODs) are in the range of 0.01-0.05 ng L−1and the calibration graphs are linear in the range of 0.03-50 ng L−1. The values of relative standard deviation (RSD) for intra-day and inter-day based on seven replicate measurements of 0.50 ng L−1of estrogenic compounds and 0.30 ng L−1for the internal standard in wastewater were in the range of 1.5-2.5% and 2.6-3.8%, respectively. The relative recoveries of wastewaters which have been spiked with different concentrations of target compounds are 90-108%. © The Royal Society of Chemistry and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 2020.