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Risk Assessment of Haloacetic Acids in the Water Supply of Tehran, Iran Publisher



Ghoochani M1 ; Rastkari NU2 ; Heibati B3 ; Ghozikali MG4, 5 ; Jeddi MZ5 ; Fawell J6 ; Nazmara S7 ; Mahvi AH7, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Air Pollution Research (CAPR), Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment (RCHSE), Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  4. 4. Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  5. 5. Institute for Environmental Research (IER), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Water Institute, Cranfield University, Cranfield, United Kingdom
  7. 7. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  8. 8. Center for Solid Waste Research, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Water Science and Technology: Water Supply Published:2017


Abstract

Disinfection by-products are compounds occurring in drinking water as a result of reactions between disinfectants and impurities in raw water, and their occurrence has been a public health concern for the last four decades. Haloacetic acids (HAAs) are one of the major by-products of chlorination. The concentration and variation of HAAs was monitored in 540 samples taken from tap water in six water and wastewater districts of Tehran, Iran. Seasonal variation indicated that natural organic matter and HAA levels were much higher in the spring and fall seasons. The concentrations of HAAs in drinking water samples varied with water sources. They were higher in drinking water obtained from surface water. In this study, the analysis method of human health risk assessment with regard to exposure to HAAs by drinking water in Tehran was based on the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) guideline. It was found from these studies that the risk to human health appears to be negligible. © 2017 IWA Publishing.
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