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Global Burden of Peripheral Artery Disease and Its Risk Factors, 1990–2019: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019 Publisher Pubmed



Kim MS1 ; Hwang J2 ; Yon DK3 ; Lee SW4 ; Jung SY5 ; Park S6 ; Johnson CO7 ; Stark BA7 ; Razo C7 ; Abbasian M10, 15 ; Abbastabar H19 ; Abhari AP29 ; Aboyans V31, 32 ; Adane DEA33 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Kim MS1
  2. Hwang J2
  3. Yon DK3
  4. Lee SW4
  5. Jung SY5
  6. Park S6
  7. Johnson CO7
  8. Stark BA7
  9. Razo C7
  10. Abbasian M10, 15
  11. Abbastabar H19
  12. Abhari AP29
  13. Aboyans V31, 32
  14. Adane DEA33
  15. Adebayo OM34
  16. Alahdab F37
  17. Almustanyir S39, 40
  18. Aly H41
  19. Ameyaw EK43
  20. Anderson JA7
  21. Andrei CL44
  22. Aryan Z11, 20
  23. Aujayeb A46
  24. Bagherieh S29
  25. Baltatu OC47, 48
  26. Banach M49, 50
  27. Bayileyegn NS51
  28. Bearne LM52, 53
  29. Behnoush AH20, 21
  30. Bensenor IM54
  31. Bhaskar S55, 56
  32. Bhat AN57
  33. Bhat V58
  34. Bikbov B59
  35. Bintoro BS60, 61
  36. Burkart K7, 8
  37. Camera LA62, 63
  38. Catapano AL64, 65
  39. Chandrasekar EK66
  40. Charan J68
  41. Chattu VK69, 70
  42. Chi G12
  43. Chukwu IS71
  44. Chung SC72, 73
  45. Cirillo M74
  46. Coberly K7
  47. Costa VM75
  48. Dadras O76, 77
  49. Dai X7, 8
  50. Do TC80
  51. Doshi R81
  52. Ekholuenetale M82, 83
  53. Elgendy IY12, 86
  54. Elhadi M87
  55. Fagbamigbe AF82, 88
  56. Feizkhah A89
  57. Fekadu G90, 91
  58. Gill PS92
  59. Goldust M93
  60. Golechha M94
  61. Guan SY95
  62. Gupta VK96
  63. Hadei M22
  64. Hadi NR97
  65. Hammoud A98
  66. Hankey GJ99, 100
  67. Harlianto NI101, 102
  68. Hasaballah AI103
  69. Hassan S78, 79
  70. Hassen MB7, 104
  71. Heidari G105
  72. Hostiuc M45
  73. Ilesanmi OS35, 84
  74. Iwagami M106, 107
  75. Jokar M108, 110
  76. Jonas JB111, 112
  77. Joshua CE113
  78. Jozwiak JJ114
  79. Kazemian S23, 24
  80. Keykhaei M20, 25
  81. Khalaji A21, 116
  82. Khan MAB117, 118
  83. Khateri S119
  84. Kibret BG120
  85. Korzh O121
  86. Koulmane Laxminarayana SL122
  87. Krishan K123
  88. Kumar A124, 125
  89. Kumar M126, 127
  90. Kuttikkattu A128
  91. Laksono T129, 130
  92. Larijani B26
  93. Le TTT132
  94. Lim SS7, 8
  95. Liu X42, 133
  96. Lorkowski S134, 135
  97. Magdy Abd El Razek H136
  98. Malhotra K139
  99. Manla Y140
  100. Maugeri A141
  101. Mentis AFA142
  102. Mestrovic T7, 143
  103. Micheletti Gomide Nogueira De Sa AC144
  104. Mirica A145
  105. Mirrakhimov EM146, 147
  106. Misganaw A8, 104
  107. Mishra M148
  108. Mohammad Y149
  109. Mokdad AH7, 8
  110. Moni MA150
  111. Montasir AA151, 152
  112. Moradi Y153
  113. Moraga P154
  114. Morovatdar N155
  115. Mousaviaghdas SA158
  116. Murray CJL7, 8
  117. Naghavi M7, 8
  118. Nair TS160
  119. Nassereldine H7
  120. Natto ZS13, 161
  121. Nguyen DH86, 162
  122. Nguyen HQ163
  123. Nguyen VT131
  124. Noubiap JJ164
  125. Oancea B165
  126. Oliveira GMM166
  127. Owolabi MO36, 85
  128. Padronmonedero A167
  129. Perico N168
  130. Petcu IR145
  131. Radfar A169
  132. Rafferty Q7
  133. Rahman M170
  134. Rahman MA171, 172
  135. Ram P173
  136. Rashedi S27, 115
  137. Rashid AM174
  138. Rawaf S175, 176
  139. Remuzzi G168
  140. Renzaho AMN177, 178
  141. Rezaee M16, 24
  142. Roever L179
  143. Saad AMA180
  144. Saadatagah S38
  145. Sadeghi M30
  146. Sahebkar A156, 157
  147. Saleh MA137, 181
  148. Samy AM182, 183
  149. Santricmilicevic MM184, 185
  150. Sepanlou SG28, 186
  151. Seylani A187
  152. Sharfaei S14, 188
  153. Shorofi SA189, 190
  154. Singh JA191, 192
  155. Singh P193
  156. Spartalis M194
  157. Sundstrom J195, 196
  158. Tan KK197
  159. Teramoto M198
  160. Tharwat S138
  161. Tyrovolas S199, 200
  162. Valadan Tahbaz S109, 201
  163. Van Den Eynde J202
  164. Vart P203
  165. Wang C204, 205
  166. Wang F206
  167. Westerman R207
  168. Xia J208
  169. Xu S67, 209
  170. Yada DY7
  171. Yamagishi K106, 210
  172. Yonemoto N211, 212
  173. Zahir M17
  174. Zangiabadian M18
  175. Zarrintan A159
  176. Zastrozhin MS213, 214
  177. Zastrozhina A215
  178. Zoladl M216
  179. Hay SI7, 8
  180. Shin JI5
  181. Roth GA7, 8, 9
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Cardiovascular Disease Initiative, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  3. 3. Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea
  4. 4. Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea
  5. 5. Department of Pediatrics, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
  6. 6. Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seodaemun-gu, South Korea
  7. 7. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  8. 8. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  9. 9. Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  10. 10. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  11. 11. Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  12. 12. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  13. 13. Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  14. 14. Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  15. 15. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Pharmacology Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  17. 17. Urology and Nephrology Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  18. 18. School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  19. 19. Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  20. 20. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  24. 24. Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  26. 26. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  30. 30. Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  31. 31. Department of Cardiology, Dupuytren University Hospital, Limoges, France
  32. 32. University of Limoges, Limoges, France
  33. 33. Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  34. 34. College of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  35. 35. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  36. 36. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  37. 37. Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  38. 38. Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic Foundation for Medical Education and Research, Rochester, MN, United States
  39. 39. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  40. 40. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  41. 41. Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  42. 42. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  43. 43. School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  44. 44. Cardiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  45. 45. Internal Medicine Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  46. 46. Northumbria HealthCare National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust, NHS Scotland, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  47. 47. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  48. 48. Center of Innovation, Technology and Education, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil
  49. 49. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  50. 50. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  51. 51. Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  52. 52. Population Health Research Institute, University of London, London, United Kingdom
  53. 53. Centre for Engagement and Dissemination, National Institute for Health Research, Twickenham, United Kingdom
  54. 54. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  55. 55. Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  56. 56. Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  57. 57. Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  58. 58. Department of Internal Medicine, St John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  59. 59. Scientific-Tools.Org, Bergamo, Italy
  60. 60. Department of Health Behaviour, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Gadjah Mada University), Sleman, Indonesia
  61. 61. Center of Health and Behavior and Promotion, Universitas Gadjah Mada (Gadjah Mada University), Sleman, Indonesia
  62. 62. Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina
  63. 63. Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina
  64. 64. Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  65. 65. MultiMedica, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Sesto S Giovanni, Italy
  66. 66. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
  67. 67. Department of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States
  68. 68. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  69. 69. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  70. 70. Saveetha Dental College, SIMATS, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  71. 71. Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria
  72. 72. Department of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom
  73. 73. Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom
  74. 74. Scuola Medica Salernitana, University of Salerno, Baronissi, Italy
  75. 75. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  76. 76. Section Global Health and Rehabilitation, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
  77. 77. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  78. 78. Center for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  79. 79. Bergen Center for Ethics and Priority Setting, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  80. 80. Department of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  81. 81. Department of Cardiology, St Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, United States
  82. 82. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  83. 83. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  84. 84. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  85. 85. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  86. 86. Division of Cardiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  87. 87. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  88. 88. Institute of Applied Health Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
  89. 89. Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  90. 90. School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  91. 91. Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  92. 92. Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  93. 93. Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  94. 94. Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  95. 95. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medicla University, Hefei, China
  96. 96. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  97. 97. Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq
  98. 98. Department of Medical and Technical Information Technology, Bauman Moscow State Technical University, Moscow, Russian Federation
  99. 99. Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  100. 100. Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia
  101. 101. Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  102. 102. Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
  103. 103. Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt
  104. 104. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  105. 105. Santa Clara, CA, United States
  106. 106. Research and Development Center for Health Services, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  107. 107. Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  108. 108. Zoonoses Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  109. 109. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  110. 110. Department of Clinical Sciences, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Jahrom, Iran
  111. 111. Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  112. 112. Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
  113. 113. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  114. 114. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  115. 115. Department of Epidemiology, Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  116. 116. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran, Iran
  117. 117. Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  118. 118. Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom
  119. 119. School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  120. 120. Department of Medical Physiology, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  121. 121. Department of General Practice-Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine
  122. 122. Kasturba Medical College, Udupi, India
  123. 123. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  124. 124. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, UN Mehta Institute of Cardiology and Research Center, Ahmedabad, India
  125. 125. Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, India
  126. 126. Chemical and Biochemical Processing Division, ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Cotton Technology, Mumbai, India
  127. 127. School of Public Health, Texila American University, Coimbatore, India
  128. 128. Department of Nephrology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India
  129. 129. Department of Physiotherapy, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  130. 130. Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
  131. 131. Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  132. 132. University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  133. 133. Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  134. 134. Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany
  135. 135. Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena, Germany
  136. 136. Mansoura Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  137. 137. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  138. 138. Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  139. 139. Department of Internal Medicine, Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, India
  140. 140. Heart and Vascular Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  141. 141. Department of Medical, Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies GF Ingrassia (DGFI), University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  142. 142. International Dx Department, BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark
  143. 143. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  144. 144. Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  145. 145. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  146. 146. Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  147. 147. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  148. 148. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States
  149. 149. Internal Medicine Department, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  150. 150. School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  151. 151. Department of Medicine, TMSS Medical College, Bogura, Bangladesh
  152. 152. Department of Medicine, Sofia Ismail Memorial Medical Centre, Bogura, Bangladesh
  153. 153. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Kurdistan, Iran
  154. 154. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  155. 155. Clinical Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  156. 156. Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  157. 157. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  158. 158. Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  159. 159. Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  160. 160. Health Workforce Department, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
  161. 161. Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  162. 162. Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  163. 163. Cardiovascular Research Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States
  164. 164. Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  165. 165. Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  166. 166. Cardiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
  167. 167. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  168. 168. Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
  169. 169. College of Medicine, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, United States
  170. 170. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  171. 171. School of Nursing and Healthcare Professions, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia
  172. 172. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  173. 173. Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States
  174. 174. Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
  175. 175. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  176. 176. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  177. 177. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  178. 178. Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  179. 179. Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlandia, Uberlandia, Brazil
  180. 180. Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  181. 181. College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  182. 182. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  183. 183. Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MARSI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  184. 184. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  185. 185. School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  186. 186. Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  187. 187. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
  188. 188. Department of Clinical Review and Safety, Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, United States
  189. 189. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  190. 190. Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  191. 191. School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  192. 192. Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs, Birmingham, AL, United States
  193. 193. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  194. 194. 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  195. 195. Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
  196. 196. The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  197. 197. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore
  198. 198. Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
  199. 199. St John of God Health Park, San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Barcelona, Spain
  200. 200. Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  201. 201. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  202. 202. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (University of Leuven), Leuven, Belgium
  203. 203. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
  204. 204. Brown School, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
  205. 205. Department of Surgery, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO, United States
  206. 206. School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
  207. 207. Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort, Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  208. 208. School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  209. 209. Department of Endocrinology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
  210. 210. Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
  211. 211. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  212. 212. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  213. 213. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutic Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  214. 214. Addictology Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation
  215. 215. Peoples' Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russian Federation
  216. 216. Department of Nursing, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran

Source: The Lancet Global Health Published:2023


Abstract

Background: Peripheral artery disease is a growing public health problem. We aimed to estimate the global disease burden of peripheral artery disease, its risk factors, and temporospatial trends to inform policy and public measures. Methods: Data on peripheral artery disease were modelled using the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2019 database. Prevalence, disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), and mortality estimates of peripheral artery disease were extracted from GBD 2019. Total DALYs and age-standardised DALY rate of peripheral artery disease attributed to modifiable risk factors were also assessed. Findings: In 2019, the number of people aged 40 years and older with peripheral artery disease was 113 million (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 99·2–128·4), with a global prevalence of 1·52% (95% UI 1·33–1·72), of which 42·6% was in countries with low to middle Socio-demographic Index (SDI). The global prevalence of peripheral artery disease was higher in older people, (14·91% [12·41–17·87] in those aged 80–84 years), and was generally higher in females than in males. Globally, the total number of DALYs attributable to modifiable risk factors in 2019 accounted for 69·4% (64·2–74·3) of total peripheral artery disease DALYs. The prevalence of peripheral artery disease was highest in countries with high SDI and lowest in countries with low SDI, whereas DALY and mortality rates showed U-shaped curves, with the highest burden in the high and low SDI quintiles. Interpretation: The total number of people with peripheral artery disease has increased globally from 1990 to 2019. Despite the lower prevalence of peripheral artery disease in males and low-income countries, these groups showed similar DALY rates to females and higher-income countries, highlighting disproportionate burden in these groups. Modifiable risk factors were responsible for around 70% of the global peripheral artery disease burden. Public measures could mitigate the burden of peripheral artery disease by modifying risk factors. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license