Optimization of Electro-Kinetic Process for Remediation of Soil Contaminated With Phenanthrene Using Response Surface Methodology Publisher Pubmed



Pourfadakari S¹ ; Jorfi S² ; Roudbari A³ ; Javid A³ ; Talebi SS⁴ ; Ghadiri SK³ ; Yousefi N⁵ Show Affiliations
Source: Environmental Science and Pollution Research Published:2021

Abstract

The objective of this work was to investigate the modification of soil contaminated with phenanthrene (PHE) by electro-kinetic remediation (EKR) process using response surface methodology (RSM). The soil sample was obtained from the subgrades (0–30 cm) of an area close to Shahroud City, Northeast of Iran. The effect of variables such as initial pH, voltage, electrolyte concentration, and reaction time on PHE removal was studied. Based on the results obtained from the central composite design (CCD) experiment, the highest and lowest amount of PHE removal was 97 and 20%, respectively. In this study, the variables A, B, C, AB, AC, and C2 with a p value < 0.05 were significant model terms and the parameter of the lack of fit was not significant (p value = 0.0745). Findings indicated that the “predicted R-squared” of 0.9670 was in reasonable agreement with the “adj R-squared” of 0.9857 and the plot of residual followed a normal distribution and approximately linear. Also, the kinetic rates of the removal PHE by the EKR process best fitted with a first-order kinetic model (R2: 0.926). Results of the investigation of the effective variables showed that in values of pH 3, time of 168 h, voltage of 3 V, and electrolyte concentration of 4 mg/L, the removal efficiency of PHE reached 96.6%. [Figure not available: see fulltext.] © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.