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Biochemical Mechanism of Insecticide Resistance in Malaria Vector, Anopheles Gambiae S.L in Nigeria Publisher



Yusuf MA1, 2 ; Vatandoost H1, 3 ; Oshaghi MA1 ; Hanafibojd AA1, 3 ; Manu AY2, 4 ; Enayati A5 ; Ado AD6 ; Abdullahi AS2 ; Jalo RI7 ; Firdausi A8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Medical Entomology & Vector Control, School of Public Health, International Campus, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Medical Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
  3. 3. Department of Chemical Pollutants and Pesticides, Institute for Environmental Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
  5. 5. Department of Medical Entomology, School of Public Health and Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Science, Kano State Polytechnic, Kano, Nigeria
  7. 7. Department of Community Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria
  8. 8. Department of Family Medicine, College of Health Sciences, Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria

Source: Iranian Journal of Public Health Published:2021


Abstract

Background: Malaria is a parasitic vector-borne disease endemic in the tropical and subtropical countries of the world. The aim of this study was to investigate the current activities of the detoxification enzymes in resistant and susceptible Anopheles gambiae s.l. in northern Nigeria. Methods: Anopheles larvae were collected from northeast and northwestern Nigeria between Aug and Nov 2018. Biochemical analyses was carried out on the mosquitoes exposed to various insecticides (deltamethrin, DDT, bendi-ocarb, malathion) to measure and compare the enzymatic activities of the major detoxification enzymes (P450, GSTs, Esterase). Results: High levels of resistance was observed; DDT 37%-53% (95%, CI: 29-61), bendiocarb 44%-55% (CI: 39-60) and deltamethrin 74%-82% (CI: 70-86). However, these mosquitoes were found to be susceptible to malathion 99%-100% (CI: 98-100). The P450 and GSTs enzymes were found to be elevated in the resistant mosquitoes exposed to deltamethrin (1.0240±0.1902); (1.3088±1.2478), DDT (1.7703±1.4528); (1.7462±0.9418) and bendiocarb (1.1814±0.0918); (1.4479±1.0083) compared to the Kisumu strain (0.764±0.4226); (0.6508±0.6542), (0.3875±0.3482); (0.4072±0.4916) and (0.6672±0.3949); (0.7126±0.7259) at P<0.05. Similarly, the resistant mosquitoes expressed increased activity to esterase (0.7606±1.1477), (0.3269±1.1957) and (2.8203±0.6488) compared to their susceptible counterpart (0.6841±0.7597), (0.7032±0.5380) and (0.6398±0.4159) at P<0.05. The enzyme ratio was found to be: P450 (1.341, 4.568 and 1.77); GSTs (2.011, 4.288 and 2.031); Esterases (1.111, 0.469 and 4.408). One way Anova and single sample t-test were also conducted to determine the effect of the enzymes on the resistant and susceptible strains. Conclusion: High level of insecticide resistance was observed with significant elevation of detoxification enzymes activities in the resistant mosquitoes. © 2021, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved.
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