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Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis Virus (Lcmv): Current Status and Future Directions for Clinical and Molecular Diagnostic Techniques Publisher



Eslami N1, 2 ; Jahanabadi S3 ; Ziaei E4 ; Shenagari M2 ; Salmanzadeh S5 ; Abbasi S6 ; Zandi M7
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Microbiology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  3. 3. Specialist of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  4. 4. School of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  5. 5. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Virology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Journal of the Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences Published:2024


Abstract

Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus is an RNA virus that is often overlooked despite the potential to cause severe illness. It is a significant cause of viral meningitis, particularly in specific clinical situations. LCMV is transmitted to humans when they come into contact with the secretions of infected mice, and its strong neurotropism primarily results in neurological symptoms. The most vulnerable populations are fetuses and immunosuppressed individuals. LCMV infection acquired through various means can manifest with a wide range of clinical symptoms, varying from being asymptomatic to severe manifestations. Additionally, in cases where individuals are affected by this viral infection, it can result in fatal central nervous system disorders. Specifically, in pregnant women, intrauterine LCMV infection has been observed to lead to fetal or neonatal mortality. Furthermore, it can cause chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus in infants, which not only causes significant harm but also results in long-term impairments. Timely identification and immediate intervention are crucial in improving the prognosis, especially among high-risk groups and regions where the infection is prevalent. Failure to promptly diagnose the condition can lead to significant mortality rates and leave survivors with long-term neurological complications. Consequently, it is imperative to utilize the most appropriate laboratory diagnostic approach, considering the patient's clinical symptoms, exposure history to the virus, and the prevalence of the pathogen in the area, to facilitate accurate clinical detection. This comprehensive review encompasses various diagnostic methodologies employed in managing LCMV, encompassing clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and potential complications associated with viral infections affecting the central nervous system. © 2024, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences. All rights reserved.