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Autoimmune Encephalitis Due to Covid-19 in a Young Patient Publisher



Derakhshani F1 ; Ghazavi M2 ; Hosseini N2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pediatric Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Shahrekord University of Medical Science, Shahrekord, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Science, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Child Neurology Published:2023


Abstract

Autoimmune encephalitis is an inflammatory condition caused by different factors, including viral infections, diagnosed after ruling out other causes of encephalitis. The current study reported novel autoimmune encephalitis in an 11-year-old girl who presented with seizures, cognitive dysfunction, and neurological impairments. During the admission, the researchers observed high levels of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Besides, she had positive anti-COVID-19IgG. Therefore, the diagnosis of COVID-19-induced autoimmune encephalitis was specific. The patient received anti-epileptic, anti-viral drugs, IVIG, and rituximab and was discharged with remission. The case diagnosis was made by anti-NMDAR antibodies, which highlights the importance of this diagnostic tool. Similar cases have been reported earlier, but the point of this case was her younger age compared to the previous cases and her developing neurological deficit before COVID-19 presentations. © 2023 The Authors. Published by Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences.
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