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Meal Frequency in Iranian Children and Adolescents at National and Sub-National Levels: The Caspian-Iv Study



Kelishadi R1 ; Shahsanai A1 ; Shams B1 ; Ahadi Z2, 3 ; Motlagh ME4 ; Kasaeian A5 ; Ardalan G1 ; Maddady Z6 ; Asayesh H7 ; Qorbani M8 ; Heshmat R2
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Dept. of Pediatrics, Child Growth and Development Research Center, Research Institute for Primordial Prevention of Non-communicable Disease, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Dept. of Pediatrics, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  5. 5. Dept. of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Dept. of Health Services Management, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Dept. of Medical Emergency, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  8. 8. Dept. of Community Medicine, School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Science, Karaj, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Public Health Published:2015

Abstract

Background: This study aims to assess the pattern of meal frequency consumption of Iranian children and adolescents at national and subnational levels according to the socioeconomic status (SES) of the living region. Methods: This multi-centric study was conducted in 2011-2012 among 14,880 students, aged 6-18 years, who were selected by multistage random cluster sampling from 30 provinces. Meal frequency was assessed by the World Health Organization Global School-based student Health Survey (WHO-GSHS) questionnaire. Data were compared at national and sub-national levels according to the SES of the living region. Results: Overall, 13486 students completed this study (participation rate: 90.6%). The frequency of breakfast, lunch, and dinner skipping was 32.08% (95% CI: 30.99, 33.2), 8.58% (95% CI: 7.71, 9.54), and 10.90% (95% CI: 10.21, 11.62), respectively. The frequency of consuming 1 meal, 2 meals, and 3 meals a day was 9.60% (95%CI: 8.94, 10.31), 29.28% (95% CI: 28.31, 30.26), and 61.12 % (95% CI: 59.89, 62.34), respectively. The mean number of days per week of breakfast consumption was 5.14 (95% CI: 5.08, 5.20), the corresponding figure was 6.39 (95%CI: 6.35, 6.42), and 6.24 (95%CI: 6.21, 6.28) for lunch and dinner, respectively. These frequencies had no significant difference according to the SES of the living region. Conclusion: Most Iranian children and adolescents consumed all three main meals, however irrespective of SES; in general skipping breakfast was more frequent than skipping lunch and dinner. Regular meal intake, notably breakfast, should be considered in health promoting programs for all children and adolescents. © 2016, Iranian Journal of Public Health. All rights reserved.
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