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Autozygosity-Driven Genetic Diagnosis in Consanguineous Families From Italy and the Greater Middle East Publisher Pubmed



Palombo F1, 2 ; Graziano C1 ; Al Wardy N3 ; Nouri N4, 5 ; Marconi C6 ; Magini P1 ; Severi G1 ; La Morgia C2, 7 ; Cantalupo G8, 9 ; Cordelli DM6, 10 ; Gangarossa S11 ; Al Kindi MN3 ; Al Khabouri M3, 12 ; Salehi M4 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Palombo F1, 2
  2. Graziano C1
  3. Al Wardy N3
  4. Nouri N4, 5
  5. Marconi C6
  6. Magini P1
  7. Severi G1
  8. La Morgia C2, 7
  9. Cantalupo G8, 9
  10. Cordelli DM6, 10
  11. Gangarossa S11
  12. Al Kindi MN3
  13. Al Khabouri M3, 12
  14. Salehi M4
  15. Giorgio E13
  16. Brusco A13
  17. Pisani F14
  18. Romeo G6
  19. Carelli V2, 7
  20. Pippucci T1
  21. Seri M1, 6

Source: Human Genetics Published:2020


Abstract

Autozygosity-driven exome analysis has been shown effective for identification of genes underlying recessive diseases especially in countries of the so-called Greater Middle East (GME), where high consanguinity unravels the phenotypic effects of recessive alleles and large family sizes facilitate homozygosity mapping. In Italy, as in most European countries, consanguinity is estimated low. Nonetheless, consanguineous Italian families are not uncommon in publications of genetic findings and are often key to new associations of genes with rare diseases. We collected 52 patients from 47 consanguineous families with suspected recessive diseases, 29 originated in GME countries and 18 of Italian descent. We performed autozygosity-driven exome analysis by detecting long runs of homozygosity (ROHs > 1.5 Mb) and by prioritizing candidate clinical variants within. We identified a pathogenic synonymous variant that had been previously missed in NARS2 and we increased an initial high diagnostic rate (47%) to 55% by matchmaking our candidate genes and including in the analysis shorter ROHs that may also happen to be autozygous. GME and Italian families contributed to diagnostic yield comparably. We found no significant difference either in the extension of the autozygous genome, or in the distribution of candidate clinical variants between GME and Italian families, while we showed that the average autozygous genome was larger and the mean number of candidate clinical variants was significantly higher (p = 0.003) in mutation-positive than in mutation-negative individuals, suggesting that these features influence the likelihood that the disease is autozygosity-related. We highlight the utility of autozygosity-driven genomic analysis also in countries and/or communities, where consanguinity is not widespread cultural tradition. © 2020, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.
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