Fucoidan-Based Microneedle Patch for Delivery of Igf1-Loaded Exosomes in Diabetic Wound Therapy Publisher

Summary: Could microneedles help diabetic wounds heal? An IGF1-exosome hydrogel patch nearly closed wounds within 14 days in diabetic rats; human benefit remains untested. #WoundHealing #Biomaterials

Mirhaj M ; Varshosaz J ; Kadhim N A ; Kamil M M ; Al Bahrani M H ; Al Musawi M H ; Mani S ; Sharifianjazi F ; Tavamaishvili K ; Tavakoli M ; Khalaji M S
Source: Drug Delivery and Translational Research Published:2026

Abstract

Diabetic wounds often lead to significant therapeutic challenges due to impaired vascularization, chronic inflammation, and poor drug penetration. This study presents a polyallylamine hydrochloride-fucoidan (PAH.Fc) hydrogel-based microneedle patch for site specific delivery of IGF1-incorporated exosomal vesicles obtained from adipose-derived stem cells (ADSC-Exos) to diabetic wounds. The average size of IGF1-loaded ADSC-Exos was measured as 261.81 nm. The fabricated microneedles exhibited swelling ratios between 228.0% and 247.1%, with a degradation rate of 47.56% after 7 days of immersion in PBS. IGF1 release was sustained and time-dependent, reaching 89.25 ± 4.60% over 168 h. MTT assay confirmed cytocompatibility, with HaCaT cell viability exceeding 80% across all groups. Nile Red labeling demonstrated efficient cellular uptake of both ADSC-Exos and IGF1-loaded ADSC-Exos by HaCaT cells, and CAM assay results revealed that the PAH.Fc/IGF1 Exos induced the highest angiogenic response among tested groups. In vivo studies using a hyperglycemic rat model showed near-complete wound closure within 14 days in the PAH.Fc/IGF1 Exo-treated group, accompanied by elevated expression of VEGF and TGF-β and reduced levels of pro-inflammatory markers TNF-α and IL-1β. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that the PAH.Fc/IGF1 Exo microneedle patch offers optimized local delivery of bioactive cargo and holds strong therapeutic potential for chronic wound management, particularly in diabetic wound healing. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Controlled Release Society 2026.