Conclusions and Future Perspectives: Research Priorities and Potential Solutions Publisher



Abhishek K ; Dikhit MR ; Sen A ; Nejad ASM ; Kumar A
Source: Leishmaniasis: Pathogenesis and Potential Treatment Published:2026

Abstract

Leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease, remains endemic in over 90 countries, presenting in various clinical forms, including cutaneous, mucocutaneous, visceral leishmaniasis (VL), and post kala-azar dermal leishmaniasis (PKDL). VL, the most severe form, is fatal if untreated but has shown a global decline in cases, especially in India, where over 98% of endemic blocks have achieved elimination benchmarks. This success is largely attributed to integrated vector management, community awareness, health system strengthening, and advancements in diagnostics and therapeutics. However, the adaptability of Leishmania parasites and their co-evolution with the human host pose persistent challenges. Sustaining progress and countering future threats necessitate continued, focused research efforts. Priority areas include (A) discovery of new anti-leishmanial drugs, (B) vaccine development, (C) identification of novel insecticides for vector control, (D) molecular diagnostic tools tailored for endemic settings, and (E) understanding parasite survival mechanisms in the host. A comprehensive research agenda is essential to ensure long-term control and eventual eradication of leishmaniasis. © 2026 selection and editorial matter, Veer Singh, Ashish Kumar, Kumar Abhishek; individual chapters, the contributors.