Isfahan University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Inhalation Exposure to Toxic Heavy Metals in Nail Salon Technicians and Health Risk Assessment Using Monte Carlo Simulation Publisher Pubmed



Mohebian Z1 ; Paridokht F1 ; Karimi Zeverdegani S2 ; Mohammadi F3
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, Student Research Committee, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Occupational Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Inhalation Toxicology Published:2024


Abstract

Objective: Nail salons offer a developing and diverse occupation for many women, especially the new generation. Due to the increasing apprehension surrounding heavy metals in dust caused by filing nails containing dried nail polish, the present study was designed aimed to health risk assessment of heavy metals in breathing zone of nail salon technicians (NSTs). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that was conducted in NSTs. The concentration of Cadmium (Cd), Lead (Pb), Nickel (Ni), Chromium (Cr) and Manganese (Mn)in breathing zone of 20 NSTs was determined using ICP-OES. Results: The metal concentrations were in the following order: Mn > Pb > Ni > Cr > Cd with corresponding arithmetic mean values of0.008, 0.0023, 0.0021, 0.001 and 0.0006 mg m−3, respectively, which are exceeded the recommended levels stated in the indoor air guidelines. The average lifetime carcinogenic risk (LCR) for Cr, Cd, Ni and Pb was calculated 0.0084, 0.00054, 0.00026 and 1.44 E − 05, respectively. The LCR values of all metals (except Pb) exceeded the acceptable level set by the USEPA. The mean of Hazard quotients (HQ) for Mn, Cd, Cr, Ni and Pb were calculated to be23.7, 4.74, 2.19, 0.51 and 0.0.24, respectively. The sensitivity analysis showed that, the exposure frequency (EF) for Cr and Ni had the strong effects on generation of both LCR and HQ. Furthermore, the concentrations of Mn, Cd and Pb had strong impacts on the HQ generation and the concentration of Cd and Pb had main effects on LCR generation. Conclusion: To effectively reduce pollutant concentration, it is recommended to install a ventilation system near nail salon work tables and conduct continuous monitoring and quality control of nail products. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Semi-Quantitative Health Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Dust Exposure Among Nail Technicians Using the Sqra Technique and Monte Carlo Simulation, Toxicology and Industrial Health (2024)
2. Assessing the Health Risks of Dermal Exposure to Heavy Metals Dust Among Nail Salon Technicians, Work (2024)
3. Human Exposure to Dust and Heavy Metals in Industrial Regions and Its Relationship With the Prevalence of Multiple Sclerosis Disease, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2023)
4. Chemical Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Metal Fumes Among Employed Workers in a Metal Manufactory With an Electric Arc Furnace, International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering (2024)
5. Human Health Risk Assessment of Cadmium Exposure in Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Dust (Uncertainty Analysis), Journal of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences (2021)
6. Associations Between Exposure to Heavy Metals and the Risk of Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Critical Reviews in Toxicology (2021)
7. The Status of Lead and Cadmium in Soils of High Prevalenct Gastrointestinal Cancer Region of Isfahan, Journal of Research in Medical Sciences (2013)
8. Heavy Metal Content in Edible Salts in Isfahan and Estimation of Their Daily Intake Via Salt Consumption, International Journal of Environmental Health Engineering (2012)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Sara Karimi Zeverdegani (4)
Ensiyeh Taheri (3)
Other Related Docs
9. Chemical Pollutants in the Respiratory Zone of Welders: Determination of Concentrations and Hazard Analysis, Work (2020)
10. Assessing the Carcinogenic and Non-Carcinogenic Health Risks of Metals in the Drinking Water of Isfahan, Iran, Scientific Reports (2024)
11. Meta-Analysis and Health Risk Assessment of Toxic Heavy Metals in Muscles of Commercial Fishes in Caspian Sea, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment (2023)
12. Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination in Herbal Medicinal Products Consumed in the Iranian Market, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)
13. Heavy Metal Contamination of Vegetables in Isfahan, Iran, Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences (2013)
14. Assessment of Lead and Cadmium Levels in Frequently Used Cosmetic Products in Iran, Journal of Environmental and Public Health (2013)
15. Recent Advances in the Clinical Management of Intoxication by Five Heavy Metals: Mercury, Lead, Chromium, Cadmium and Arsenic, Heliyon (2025)
16. The Relationship Between Exposure to Manganese in Welding Fumes and Incidence of Migraine Headache Symptoms, Tehran University Medical Journal (2018)
17. Evaluation of Metal Concentration (Hg, Zn, Cu, Co, Sn, Ag, Cr and Ni) in Influent & Effluent Water of Dental Clinics' Units, Journal of Chemical Health Risks (2023)
18. Tsp, Pm10, Pm2.5, and Pm1 in Ambient Air of Shahr-E Kord, Iran’S Rooftop; Levels, Characterisation and Health Risk Assessment of Particles-Bound Heavy Metals, International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry (2022)
19. Association of Blood Cadmium Level With Cardiometabolic Risk Factors and Liver Enzymes in a Nationally Representative Sample of Adolescents: The Caspian-Iii Study, Journal of Environmental and Public Health (2013)
20. Prenatal Exposure to Chromium (Cr) and Nickel (Ni) in a Sample of Iranian Pregnant Women: Urinary Levels and Associated Socio-Demographic and Lifestyle Factors, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)
21. Potential Harmful Effects of Heavy Metals As a Toxic and Carcinogenic Agent in Marine Food-An Overview, Egyptian Journal of Veterinary Science(Egypt) (2021)
22. On the Nature of Heavy Metals in Pm10 for an Urban Desert City in the Middle East: Shiraz, Iran, Microchemical Journal (2020)
23. Exposure to Heavy Metals and the Risk of Osteopenia or Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Osteoporosis International (2020)
24. Evaluation of the Risk Non-Carcinogenicity of Heavy Metals in Traditional Foods Prepared in Restaurants of Isfahan, Iran, Journal of Chemical Health Risks (2023)
25. Comparison of the Chemical Health Risk Assessment of Exposure to Metal Fumes for the Furnace Operator of a Foundry Industry Using Quantitative and Semi-Quantitative Methods, Heliyon (2023)
26. Health Risk Assessment of Potentially Toxic Elements Intake Via Food Crops Consumption: Monte Carlo Simulation-Based Probabilistic and Heavy Metal Pollution Index, Environmental Science and Pollution Research (2021)