Unmasking the Complex Roles of Hypocalcemia in Cancer, Covid-19, and Sepsis: Engineered Nanodelivery and Diagnosis Publisher Pubmed



Ghafouri E¹ ; Bigdeli M² ; Khalafiyan A¹ ; Amirkhani Z¹ ; Ghanbari R³ ; Hasan A^{4, 5} ; Khanahmad H¹ ; Boshtam M⁶ ; Makvandi P^{7, 8} Show Affiliations
Source: Environmental Research Published:2023

Abstract

Calcium (Ca2+) homeostasis is essential for maintaining physiological processes in the body. Disruptions in Ca2+ signaling can lead to various pathological conditions including inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence. Hypocalcemia, a common symptom in diseases such as acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), cancer, septic shock, and COVID-19, can have both potential protective and detrimental effects. This article explores the multifaceted role of Ca2+ dysregulation in inflammation, fibrosis, impaired immune function, and accelerated senescence, contributing to disease severity. Targeting Ca2+ signaling pathways may provide opportunities to develop novel therapeutics for age-related diseases and combat viral infections. However, the role of Ca2+ in viral infections is complex, and evidence suggests that hypocalcemia may have a protective effect against certain viruses, while changes in Ca2+ homeostasis can influence susceptibility to viral infections. The effectiveness and safety of Ca2+ supplements in COVID-19 patients remain a subject of ongoing research and debate. Further investigations are needed to understand the intricate interplay between Ca2+ signaling and disease pathogenesis. © 2023 The Authors