Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities

Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities Publisher Pubmed

Mohammadi H ; Zargaran SJ ; Khajehpour H ; Adibi I ; Rahimiforoushani A ; Karimi S ; Dadashi Serej ND ; Alam NR

Source: Cognitive Processing Published:2025

Abstract

Short-term memory (STM) temporarily stores sensory information, critical for synaptic plasticity, memory, and learning, and is regulated by the glutamate-gated NMDA receptor. While the frontal and parieto-occipital cortices have been implicated in STM, the electrochemical dynamics of the right hemisphere under cognitive loads remain underexplored. Utilizing a novel fMRS–EEG approach, we concurrently investigated the metabolic and electrophysiological dynamics of STM for the first time. Fourteen healthy right-handed participants (mean age = 30.64 ± 4.49; 5 females) engaged in a modified Sternberg task with two, four, and six letters. We quantified Glutamate/total-creatine (Glu/tCr) in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parieto-occipital regions using LCModel. Concurrently, EEG oscillatory activities were recorded over these areas, focusing on glutamate levels and related electrical activities. Increased Glu/tCr ratios were noted with higher memory loads in the DLPFC (25%, p = 0.018) and parieto-occipital cortex (29.6%, p = 0.046). Gamma activity rose with glutamate levels (DLPFC: F(3,39) = 5.93, p = 0.005; parieto-occipital: F(3,39) = 9.23, p < 0.001), while alpha power was suppressed in the parieto-occipital region (F(3,39) = 6.22, p = 0.022). Theta oscillations correlated positively with Glu/tCr in the DLPFC (r = 0.317, p = 0.017) and negatively in the parieto-occipital (r = − 0.576, p < 0.001). Our findings reveal a significant interplay between glutamate metabolism and neuronal oscillations during STM, emphasizing the roles of the right DLPFC and parieto-occipital regions, which may inform hypotheses about the mechanisms underlying learning. However, we did not measure consolidation, and causal claims about synaptic plasticity are not warranted. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Mohammadi H, et al.. "Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities." Cognitive Processing, vol. , no. , 2025, pp. -.
APA	Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, Dadashi Serej ND, Alam NR (2025). Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities. Cognitive Processing, (), -.
Chicago	Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, Dadashi Serej ND, Alam NR. "Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities." Cognitive Processing , no. (2025): -.
Harvard	Mohammadi H et al. (2025) 'Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities', Cognitive Processing, (), pp. -.
Vancouver	Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, et al.. Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities. Cognitive Processing. 2025;():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Mohammadi H and Zargaran SJ and Khajehpour H and Adibi I and Rahimiforoushani A and Karimi S and Dadashi Serej ND and Alam NR}, title = {Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities}, journal = {Cognitive Processing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2025} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Mohammadi H AU - Zargaran SJ AU - Khajehpour H AU - Adibi I AU - Rahimiforoushani A AU - Karimi S AU - Dadashi Serej ND AU - Alam NR TI - Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities JO - Cognitive Processing VL - IS - SP - EP - PY - 2025 ER -

Style

Citing Format

MLA

Mohammadi H, et al.. "Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities." Cognitive Processing, vol. , no. , 2025, pp. -.

APA

Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, Dadashi Serej ND, Alam NR (2025). Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities. Cognitive Processing, (), -.

Chicago

Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, Dadashi Serej ND, Alam NR. "Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities." Cognitive Processing , no. (2025): -.

Harvard

Mohammadi H et al. (2025) 'Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities', Cognitive Processing, (), pp. -.

Vancouver

Mohammadi H, Zargaran SJ, Khajehpour H, Adibi I, Rahimiforoushani A, Karimi S, et al.. Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities. Cognitive Processing. 2025;():-.

BibTex

@article{ author = {Mohammadi H and Zargaran SJ and Khajehpour H and Adibi I and Rahimiforoushani A and Karimi S and Dadashi Serej ND and Alam NR}, title = {Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities}, journal = {Cognitive Processing}, volume = {}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2025} }

RIS

TY - JOUR
AU - Mohammadi H
AU - Zargaran SJ
AU - Khajehpour H
AU - Adibi I
AU - Rahimiforoushani A
AU - Karimi S
AU - Dadashi Serej ND
AU - Alam NR
TI - Human Short-Term Memory Learning Based on Dynamic Glutamate Levels and Oscillatory Activities: Concurrent Metabolic and Electrophysiological Studies Using Event-Related Functional-Mrs and Eeg Modalities
JO - Cognitive Processing
VL -
IS -
SP -
EP -
PY - 2025
ER -

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Abstract