Risk Factors for Diabetic Foot Ulcer During Pilgrimages; عوامل خطر زخم پای دیابتی در سفرهای زیار ت ی Publisher



M Siavash Dastjerdi MANSOUR ; Sms Pour Mousavi Seyed Masoud SHAJARI ; N Soltanian NOUREDDIN ; Me Akbari Mojtaba E
Source: Journal of Isfahan Medical School Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Pilgrimage and tourism trips, especially for individuals with diabetes, can pose significant risks, including diabetic foot ulcers. Neglecting the principles of prevention and management of this condition by patients, families, and even healthcare providers exacerbates these risks. This study examines the risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers during various travels, particularly the Arbaeen precession. Methods: Risk factors for diabetic foot ulcers were categorized into three groups: environmental, individual, and social. These factors were analyzed across different stages of travel (pre-, during, and post-travel). Additionally, the temporal aspect of risk factors and the three categories of environmental, individual, and social determinants were emphasized as essential considerations for diabetic patients during all types of travel. Findings: Environmental risk factors include inappropriate footwear and socks, high ambient temperatures, poor road conditions and rough terrain, overcrowding, prolonged walking distances and times, and inadequate access to necessary healthcare facilities. Individual risk factors encompass foot or toe deformities, vascular insufficiency and arterial issues in the legs, diabetic neuropathy, and loss of protective sensation in the lower extremities. The third category involves factors related to social determinants of health. Conclusion: To prevent diabetic foot ulcers during pilgrimage and tourism trips, it is crucial to address environmental, individual, and social risk factors at all stages of travel (pre, during, and post-travel). A comprehensive approach to these factors can significantly reduce risks and improve disease management for diabetic patients. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.