Trend of Salt Intake Measured by 24-Hour Urine Collection Samples Among Iranian Adults Population Between 1998 and 2013: The Isfahan Salt Study Publisher Pubmed



Mohammadifard N¹ ; Khosravi A^{2, 3} ; Salassalvado J^{4, 5} ; Becerratomas N^{4, 5} ; Nouri F¹ ; Abdollahi Z⁶ ; Jozan M³ ; Bahonar A² ; Sarrafzadegan N¹ Show Affiliations
Source: Nutrition, Metabolism and Cardiovascular Diseases Published:2019

Abstract

Background and aim: Few population-based studies conducted in the Eastern Mediterranean region assessed salt intake by the measurement of 24-h sodium urine excretion (24-hUNa). The current study aimed to assess the trend of mean salt intake in Iranian adults between 1998 and 2013. Methods and results: These cross-sectional studies were performed on 564, 157, 509 and 837 randomly selected healthy adults aged >18 years from Isfahan city, Iran, in 1998, 2001, 2007 and 2013, respectively. BP was measured using a mercury sphygmomanometer according to a standard protocol. Single 24-h urine was collected to assess 24-hUNa as a surrogate of salt intake, and 24-h urinary K (24-hUK). The estimated trend of salt intake was 9.5, 9.7, 9.6 and 10.2 g/day in total population (P < 0.001). The increase in salt intake between 1998 and 2013 was significant only in men, (P < 0.001). The risk of pre-hypertension was 21% and 18% significantly greater in the highest quartiles of UNa/UK after adjustment for potential confounders in 2001 and 2013, respectively, [OR (95% CI): 1.21 (1.03–1.64) and 1.18 (1.02–1.38), respectively]. Conclusions: This population-based study indicated that mean salt intake was about two times of recommendation in Isfahan city, Iran, and suggest that it would be essential to implement a salt reduction strategy program in Iranian population. Longitudinal national studies with larger samples examining the trend of salt intake are warranted. © 2019