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Cardiovascular Protective Effects of Cinnamic Acid As a Natural Phenolic Acid: A Review Publisher Pubmed



Safaeian L1 ; Asgharivarzaneh M1 ; Alavi SS2 ; Halvaeivarnousfaderani M3 ; Laher I4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Hakiman Pazhooh Co., Incubator and Entrepreneurship Center, Isfahan University, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Ashrafi Teaching Hospital, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Khomeyni-shar, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

Source: Archives of Physiology and Biochemistry Published:2025


Abstract

Phenolic acids derived from plants have beneficial effects on cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Cinnamic acid (CA) is a crucial phenolic acid that can form numerous hydroxycinnamic derivate found in many food groups. We review current data on the cardiovascular pharmacology of CA with a focus on CVD and their risk factors including hyperlipidaemia, obesity, hyperglycaemia, cardiomyopathy and myocardial ischaemia, vascular dysfunction, oxidative stress and inflammation. Both in vivo and in vitro laboratory studies demonstrate the lipid-lowering, anti-obesity, anti-hyperglycemic, cardio-protective and vasorelaxant activities of CA. The protective impacts of CA against CVD occur by inhibiting inflammatory, oxidative, and apoptotic pathways, regulating the genes and enzymes involved in glucose and lipid metabolisms, and promoting vasodilation. This review showed that the most studied and prominent effects of CA are anti-hyperlipidemic and anti-diabetic properties. In conclusion, intake of plant foods rich in CA may reduce CVD risk especially through regulating blood glucose and lipids levels. © 2024 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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