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Effects of Family Based Education Programs on Body Mass Index of Overweight and Obese Children: An Intervention Based on the Social-Cognitive Theory



Hashemi Risi F1 ; Soltani R2 ; Eslami A2 ; Hasanzadeh A3
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Student Research Center Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  3. 3. Food Security Research Center, Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, School of Health, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Iranian Journal of Endocrinology and Metabolism Published:2017

Abstract

Introduction: Overweight and obesity in children has been documented to be major health problem. This study is the educational intervention of child`s parents according to the social cognitive theory (SCT) for their body mass index (bmi) decrease in overweight and obese children of pre-elementary grade in Zarrinshahr. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on mothers with overweight and obese pre-elementary school children, residents of Zarrinshahrtown in 2015. Mothers were divided randomly into the intervention and control groups (n=45 each). For the intervention group (children and parents), an educational program was designed, based on the SCT and presented in 4 sessions. Data were collected by a researcher made questionnaire, including demographic information, the structures of SCT, and height and weight measurement tools, both before (baseline) and 5 months after the educational intervention. Data were analyzed by Mann-Whitney, Chi-square test, analysis of covariance and the independent t-test. Results: Five months after educational intervention,mean scores of all structures of SCT, including self-efficiency, outcome expectations, self-regulation and social support of the intervention group showed a meaningful increase (P<0.001) in comparison with the control group. Physical activity of children in the intervention group also had a meaningful increase in comparison with controls. Use of social media, sweetmeats, salty snacks and sweet drinks after intervention showed no significant increase. In children, BMI showed a significant difference, compared to the pre-intervention assessment (P<0.05). Conclusion: Results of the present study, showed that the social-cognitive theory can be used cautiously in related studies of children affected to by overweight. © 2017, Endocrine Research Center. All rights reserved.
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