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Hematologically Important Mutations: The Autosomal Forms of Chronic Granulomatous Disease (Third Update) Publisher Pubmed



Roos D1 ; Van Leeuwen K1 ; Hsu AP2 ; Priel DL3 ; Begtrup A4 ; Brandon R4 ; Rawat A5 ; Vignesh P5 ; Madkaikar M6 ; Stasia MJ7 ; Bakri FG8 ; De Boer M1 ; Roesler J9 ; Koker N10, 11 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Roos D1
  2. Van Leeuwen K1
  3. Hsu AP2
  4. Priel DL3
  5. Begtrup A4
  6. Brandon R4
  7. Rawat A5
  8. Vignesh P5
  9. Madkaikar M6
  10. Stasia MJ7
  11. Bakri FG8
  12. De Boer M1
  13. Roesler J9
  14. Koker N10, 11
  15. Koker MY10
  16. Jakobsen M12
  17. Bustamante J13
  18. Garciamorato MB14, 15
  19. Shephard JLV14
  20. Cagdas D16
  21. Tezcan I16
  22. Sherkat R17
  23. Mortaz E18
  24. Fayezi A19
  25. Shahrooei M20, 21
  26. Wolach B22
  27. Blancasgalicia L23
  28. Kanegane H24
  29. Kawai T25
  30. Condinoneto A26
  31. Vihinen M27
  32. Zerbe CS2
  33. Holland SM2
  34. Malech HL2
  35. Gallin JI2
  36. Kuhns DB3

Source: Blood Cells, Molecules, and Diseases Published:2021


Abstract

Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is an immunodeficiency disorder affecting about 1 in 250,000 individuals. CGD patients suffer from severe, recurrent bacterial and fungal infections. The disease is caused by mutations in the genes encoding the components of the leukocyte NADPH oxidase. This enzyme produces superoxide, which is subsequently metabolized to hydrogen peroxide and other reactive oxygen species (ROS). These products are essential for intracellular killing of pathogens by phagocytic leukocytes (neutrophils, eosinophils, monocytes and macrophages). The leukocyte NADPH oxidase is composed of five subunits, four of which are encoded by autosomal genes. These are CYBA, encoding p22phox, NCF1, encoding p47phox, NCF2, encoding p67phox and NCF4, encoding p40phox. This article lists all mutations identified in these genes in CGD patients. In addition, cytochrome b558 chaperone-1 (CYBC1), recently recognized as an essential chaperone protein for the expression of the X-linked NADPH oxidase component gp91phox (also called Nox2), is encoded by the autosomal gene CYBC1. Mutations in this gene also lead to CGD. Finally, RAC2, a small GTPase of the Rho family, is needed for activation of the NADPH oxidase, and mutations in the RAC2 gene therefore also induce CGD-like symptoms. Mutations in these last two genes are also listed in this article. © 2021 Elsevier Inc.