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Disease Waves of Sars-Cov-2 in Iran Closely Mirror Global Pandemic Trends Publisher Pubmed



Fattahi Z1 ; Mohseni M1 ; Beheshtian M1, 2 ; Jafarpour A3, 4 ; Jalalvand K1 ; Keshavarzi F1 ; Behravan H1 ; Ghodratpour F1 ; Ashrafi FZ1 ; Kalhor M1 ; Azad M2 ; Koshki M2 ; Ghaziasadi A3 ; Soveyzi M1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Fattahi Z1
  2. Mohseni M1
  3. Beheshtian M1, 2
  4. Jafarpour A3, 4
  5. Jalalvand K1
  6. Keshavarzi F1
  7. Behravan H1
  8. Ghodratpour F1
  9. Ashrafi FZ1
  10. Kalhor M1
  11. Azad M2
  12. Koshki M2
  13. Ghaziasadi A3
  14. Soveyzi M1
  15. Abdollahi A5
  16. Kiani SJ6
  17. Ataeipirkooh A6
  18. Rezaeiazhar I3
  19. Bokharaeisalim F6
  20. Haghshenas MR7
  21. Babamahmoodi F7
  22. Mokhames Z8
  23. Soleimani A9
  24. Elahi Z1
  25. Ziaee M10
  26. Javanmard D10
  27. Ghafari S10
  28. Ezani A11
  29. Moghaddam AA12
  30. Shahrakisanavi F12
  31. Shahri SMH13
  32. Azaran A14
  33. Yousefi F15
  34. Moattari A16
  35. Moghadami M17
  36. Fakhim H18
  37. Ataei B18
  38. Nasri E18
  39. Poortahmasebi V19
  40. Varshochi M20
  41. Mojtahedi A21
  42. Jalilian F22
  43. Khazeni M23
  44. Moradi A24
  45. Tabarraei A24
  46. Piroozmand A25
  47. Yahyapour Y26
  48. Bayani M26
  49. Tavangar F27
  50. Yaghoubi M28
  51. Keramat F29
  52. Tavakoli M30
  53. Jalali T30, 31
  54. Pouriayevali MH30, 31
  55. Salehivaziri M30, 31
  56. Khorshid HRK1
  57. Najafipour R1
  58. Malekzadeh R32
  59. Kahrizi K1
  60. Jazayeri SM3
  61. Najmabadi H1
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Kariminejad-Najmabadi Pathology & Genetics Center, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Research Center for Clinical Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Gerash Amir-al-Momenin Medical and Educational Center, Gerash University of Medical Sciences, Gerash, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Department of Medical Microbiology, Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Communicable Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  8. 8. Department of Molecular Diagnostic, Emam Ali Educational and Therapeutic Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  9. 9. Department of Infectious Diseases, Imam Ali Hospital, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  10. 10. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  11. 11. Qazvin Deputy of Treatment Reference Laboratory, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  12. 12. Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
  13. 13. Infection Disease and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Science, Zahedan, Iran
  14. 14. Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  15. 15. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Health Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  16. 16. Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  17. 17. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  18. 18. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  19. 19. Department of Bacteriology and Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  20. 20. Infectious and Tropical Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
  21. 21. Microbiology Department, School of Medicine, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  22. 22. Department of Medical Virology, Faculty of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  23. 23. Booali Lab, Molecular & Virology Diagnostic Section, Qom, Iran
  24. 24. Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
  25. 25. Department of Microbiology, School Of Medicine, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  26. 26. Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  27. 27. Iranian Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Education and Research in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Aramesh Pathology & Genetics laboratory, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. Brucellosis Research Center, Hamedan University of Medical Science, Hamadan, Iran
  30. 30. COVID-19 National Reference Laboratory, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  31. 31. Department of Arboviruses and Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers (National Reference Laboratory), Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
  32. 32. Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Archives of Iranian Medicine Published:2022


Abstract

Background: Complete SARS-CoV-2 genome sequencing in the early phase of the outbreak in Iran showed two independent viral entries. Subsequently, as part of a genome surveillance project, we aimed to characterize the genetic diversity of SARS-CoV-2 in Iran over one year after emerging. Methods: We provided 319 SARS-CoV-2 whole-genome sequences used to monitor circulating lineages in March 2020-May 2021 time interval. Results: The temporal dynamics of major SARS-CoV-2 clades/lineages circulating in Iran is comparable to the global perspective and represent the 19A clade (B.4) dominating the first disease wave, followed by 20A (B.1.36), 20B (B.1.1.413), 20I (B.1.1.7), leading the second, third and fourth waves, respectively. We observed a mixture of circulating B.1.36, B.1.1.413, B.1.1.7 lineages in winter 2021, paralleled in a fading manner for B.1.36/B.1.1.413 and a growing rise for B.1.1.7, prompting the fourth outbreak. Entry of the Delta variant, leading to the fifth disease wave in summer 2021, was detected in April 2021. This study highlights three lineages as hallmarks of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak in Iran; B4, dominating early periods of the epidemic, B.1.1.413 (B.1.1 with the combination of [D138Y-S477N-D614G] spike mutations) as a characterizing lineage in Iran, and the co-occurrence of [I100T-L699I] spike mutations in half of B.1.1.7 sequences mediating the fourth peak. It also designates the renowned combination of G and GR clades’ mutations as the top recurrent mutations. Conclusion: In brief, we provided a real-time and comprehensive picture of the SARS-CoV-2 genetic diversity in Iran and shed light on the SARS-CoV-2 transmission and circulation on the regional scale. © 2022 Academy of Medical Sciences of I.R. Iran. All rights reserved.
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