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Biocompatibility of Graphene Oxide Nanosheets Functionalized With Various Amino Acids Towards Mesenchymal Stem Cells Publisher



Tamaddon AM1, 2 ; Bashiri R1 ; Najafi H1 ; Mousavi K3 ; Jafari M1, 2 ; Borandeh S2 ; Aghdaie MH4 ; Shafiee M2 ; Abolmaali SS1, 2 ; Azarpira N4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology Department, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 71345-1583, Shiraz, Iran
  3. 3. Food and Drug Administration, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  4. 4. Transplant Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Mohammad Rasoul-Allah Research Tower, PO Box 7193711351, Shiraz, Iran

Source: Heliyon Published:2023


Abstract

Graphene and its derivatives have gained popularity due to their numerous applications in various fields, such as biomedicine. Recent reports have revealed the severe toxic effects of these nanomaterials on cells and organs. In general, the chemical composition and surface chemistry of nanomaterials affect their biocompatibility. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity of graphene oxide (GO) synthesized by Hummer's method and functionalized by different amino acids such as lysine, methionine, aspartate, and tyrosine. The obtained nanosheets were identified by FT-IR, EDX, RAMAN, FE-SEM, and DLS techniques. In addition, trypan blue and Alamar blue methods were used to assess the cytotoxicity of mesenchymal stem cells extracted from human embryonic umbilical cord Wharton jelly (WJ-MSCs). The annexin V staining procedure was used to determine apoptotic and necrotic death. In addition, COMET and karyotyping techniques were used to assess the extent of DNA and chromosome damage. The results of the cytotoxicity assay showed that amino acid modifications significantly reduced the concentration-dependent cytotoxicity of GO to varying degrees. The GO modified with aspartic acid had the lowest cytotoxicity. There was no evidence of chromosomal damage in the karyotyping method, but in the comet assay, the samples modified with tyrosine and lysine showed the greatest DNA damage and rate of apoptosis. Overall, the aspartic acid-modified GO caused the least cellular and genetic damage to WJ-MSCs, implying its superior biomedical applications such as cell therapy and tissue engineering over GO. © 2023
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