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Using Chaotic Advection for Facile High-Throughput Fabrication of Ordered Multilayer Micro-And Nanostructures: Continuous Chaotic Printing Publisher Pubmed



Chavezmadero C1, 2, 3 ; De Leonderby MD1, 2 ; Samandari M4 ; Ceballosgonzalez CF1, 5 ; Bolivarmonsalve EJ1, 5 ; Mendozabuenrostro C6, 7 ; Holmberg S2, 8 ; Garzaflores NA1, 5 ; Almajhadi MA9 ; Gonzalezgamboa I1, 5 ; Yeede Leon JF10 ; Martinezchapa SO2 ; Rodriguez CA6, 7 ; Wickramasinghe HK2, 9 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Chavezmadero C1, 2, 3
  2. De Leonderby MD1, 2
  3. Samandari M4
  4. Ceballosgonzalez CF1, 5
  5. Bolivarmonsalve EJ1, 5
  6. Mendozabuenrostro C6, 7
  7. Holmberg S2, 8
  8. Garzaflores NA1, 5
  9. Almajhadi MA9
  10. Gonzalezgamboa I1, 5
  11. Yeede Leon JF10
  12. Martinezchapa SO2
  13. Rodriguez CA6, 7
  14. Wickramasinghe HK2, 9
  15. Madou M2, 8
  16. Dean D11
  17. Khademhosseini A12, 13, 14, 15
  18. Zhang YS3, 16
  19. Alvarez MM1, 5, 16, 17
  20. Trujillode Santiago G1, 2, 16, 17

Source: Biofabrication Published:2020


Abstract

This paper introduces the concept of continuous chaotic printing, i.e. the use of chaotic flows for deterministic and continuous extrusion of fibers with internal multilayered micro-or nanostructures. Two free-flowing materials are coextruded through a printhead containing a miniaturized Kenics static mixer (KSM) composed of multiple helicoidal elements. This produces a fiber with a well-defined internal multilayer microarchitecture at high-throughput (>1.0 m min-1). The number of mixing elements and the printhead diameter determine the number and thickness of the internal lamellae, which are generated according to successive bifurcations that yield a vast amount of inter-material surface area (∼102 cm2 cm-3) at high resolution (∼10 µm). This creates structures with extremely high surface area to volume ratio (SAV). Comparison of experimental and computational results demonstrates that continuous chaotic 3D printing is a robust process with predictable output. In an exciting new development, we demonstrate a method for scaling down these microstructures by 3 orders of magnitude, to the nanoscale level (∼150 nm), by feeding the output of a continuous chaotic 3D printhead into an electrospinner. The simplicity and high resolution of continuous chaotic printing strongly supports its potential use in novel applications, including-but not limited to-bioprinting of multi-scale layered biological structures such as bacterial communities, living tissues composed of organized multiple mammalian cell types, and fabrication of smart multi-material and multilayered constructs for biomedical applications. © 2020 The Author(s). Published by IOP Publishing Ltd.