Nursing Workforce in Collapse: A Narrative Review of Global Shortages, Burnout, and the Future of Health System Resilience Publisher



Amini Rarani S
Source: International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences Published:2026

Abstract

Background Nurses are essential to health systems worldwide, yet global shortages, burnout, and migration have intensified, threatening system resilience. These challenges have been magnified by chronic underinvestment and the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods This narrative review synthesized peer-reviewed articles, policy reports, and global health datasets published between 2020 and 2025. Databases searched included PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science using keywords such as “nursing shortage,” “burnout,” “health system resilience,” and “workforce migration.” Sources were screened for relevance to global nursing workforce trends, and findings were critically analyzed to identify patterns, gaps, and implications for policy and practice. Results The review highlighted three interrelated challenges: persistent workforce shortages, escalating burnout and moral injury, and systemic neglect contributing to attrition. Consequences include reduced patient safety, health inequities, and threats to recovery from public health crises. Conclusion Addressing nursing shortages requires coordinated investment, supportive policies, and strategies to strengthen workforce resilience. Global solidarity and sustained commitment are critical to ensure safe, equitable, and resilient health systems. © 2025 The Author(s).