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What Are the Limitations of Chitosan Use in Non-Viral Gene Delivery and How to Overcome Them?



Fattahi A1 ; Varshosaz J1
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Pharmaceutics, Isfahan Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran

Source: Biocompatible Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Characterization and Applications Published:2011

Abstract

Chitosan, partially deacetylated chitin containing D-glucosamine and N-acetil-D-glucosamine is used vastly in drug delivery and gene delivery studies because of biocompatibility, biodegradability, antimicrobial and antioxidant effect and mucoadhesive properties. Besides all the pros, there are limitations which challenge its use in gene delivery. Taken together, there are intra and extracellular barriers in gene delivery. In extracellular, the most occurring chitosan restrictions are low solubility in physiologic pH, instability to glycosaminoglycane of extracellular matrix, lack of specific uptake and dearth of target cell recognition. Concerning inner part, endosomic escape and transition from cytosol to target organelle (here is nucleus) are barriers in which chitosan is not able intrinsically to pass across. We reviewed physical and chemical modifications which have been done on chitosan with emphasize on its restrictions and modification which overcome these restriction. Finally, multi-modified chitosan derivative discussed as a new approach to improve gene delivery efficacy using chitosan. © 2010 by Nova Science Publishers, Inc. All rights reserved.
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