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Prenatal and Postnatal Hair Steroid Levels Predict Post-Partum Depression 12 Weeks After Delivery Publisher



Jahangard L1 ; Mikoteit T2, 3 ; Bahiraei S1 ; Zamanibonab M4 ; Haghighi M1 ; Bahmani DS2, 5, 6, 7 ; Brand S2, 5, 6, 8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6516848741, Iran
  2. 2. Center for Affective, Stress and Sleep Disorders, Psychiatric Clinics, University of Basel, Basel, 4502, Switzerland
  3. 3. Psychiatric Hospital Solothurn, University of Basel, Solothurn, 4503, Switzerland
  4. 4. Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, 6516848741, Iran
  5. 5. Health Institute, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran
  6. 6. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS), Kermanshah, 6719851115, Iran
  7. 7. Alzahra Research Institute, Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, 8174675731, Iran
  8. 8. Division of Sport Science and Psychosocial Health, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, 4052, Switzerland

Source: Journal of Clinical Medicine Published:2019


Abstract

Background: Within three to six months after delivery, 13%-19% of women suffer from post-partum depression (PPD), understood as a dysfunctional adaptation to the postpartum condition and motherhood. In the present cross-sectional study, we compared the hair steroid levels of women 12 weeks before and after delivery and with or without PPD. Method: The present study was a cross-sectional study conducted twelve weeks after delivery. At that time, 48 women (mean age: 25.9 years) with PPD and 50 healthy controls (mean age: 25.2 years) completed questionnaires on depressive symptoms. Further, at the same time point, 6 cm lengths of hair strands were taken, providing samples of hair steroids 12 weeks before and 12 weeks after delivery in order to analyze hair steroids (cortisol, cortisone, progesterone, testosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)). Results: Compared to those of women without PPD, hair steroid levels (cortisol, cortisone, progesterone) were significantly lower in women with PPD both before and after delivery. Lower prenatal cortisone and progesterone levels predicted higher depression scores 12 weeks after delivery. Lower prenatal levels of cortisol and progesterone and higher levels of DHEA, and postnatal lower levels of cortisol, cortisone, and progesterone, along with higher levels of DHEA predicted PPD-status with an accuracy of 98%. Conclusions: PPD is associated with blunted hair cortisol, cortisone, and progesterone secretions both pre- and postpartum. Such blunted steroid levels appear to reflect a stress responsivity that is less adaptive to acute and transient stressors. It follows that prenatally assessed low hair cortisol and progesterone levels, along with highDHEAlevels, are reliable biomarkers of post-partum depression 12 weeks after delivery. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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