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Global, Regional, and National Stillbirths at 20 Weeks' Gestation or Longer in 204 Countries and Territories, 1990–2021: Findings From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021 Publisher Pubmed



Comfort H1 ; Mchugh TA1 ; Schumacher AE1 ; Harris A1 ; May EA1 ; Paulson KR1 ; Gardner WM1 ; Fuller JE1 ; Frisch ME1 ; Taylor HJ1 ; Leever AT1 ; Teply C1 ; Verghese NA1 ; Alam T1 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Comfort H1
  2. Mchugh TA1
  3. Schumacher AE1
  4. Harris A1
  5. May EA1
  6. Paulson KR1
  7. Gardner WM1
  8. Fuller JE1
  9. Frisch ME1
  10. Taylor HJ1
  11. Leever AT1
  12. Teply C1
  13. Verghese NA1
  14. Alam T1
  15. Abate YH9
  16. Abbastabar H10
  17. Elhafeez SA30
  18. Abdelmasseh M32
  19. Abdelsalam S33
  20. Abdissa D34, 35
  21. Abdoun M36, 37
  22. Abdulkader RS38
  23. Abebe M39
  24. Abedi A42, 43
  25. Abidi H45
  26. Abiodun O46
  27. Aboagye RG48
  28. Abolhassani H11, 51
  29. Abrigo MRM53
  30. Abugharbieh E54, 60
  31. Aburmeileh NME61
  32. Adane MM62
  33. Addo IY65, 70
  34. Adema BG74
  35. Adesina MA75, 76
  36. Adetunji CO81
  37. Adeyinka DA82, 83
  38. Adnani QES84
  39. Afzal S86, 87
  40. Agampodi SB88
  41. Agodi A89
  42. Agyemangduah W90
  43. Ahinkorah BO91
  44. Ahmad A93
  45. Ahmad D95, 96
  46. Ahmadi A97, 101
  47. Ahmed A93, 109, 110
  48. Ahmed H111
  49. Ahmed LA112
  50. Ajami M102
  51. Akinosoglou K115, 116
  52. Al Hasan SM117
  53. Alaly Z118, 120
  54. Alam K121
  55. Alanezi FM124
  56. Alanzi TM122
  57. Albashtawy M125
  58. Alemi S126
  59. Algammal AM127
  60. Algheethi AAS128, 129
  61. Ali A130
  62. Ali L131
  63. Ali MU132, 133
  64. Alif SM134
  65. Aljunid SM137
  66. Almazan JU138
  67. Almekhlafi HM139, 140
  68. Almidani L141, 143
  69. Almustanyir S145, 146
  70. Altirkawi KA59
  71. Aly H147
  72. Aly S149, 151
  73. Amani R158, 159
  74. Ameyaw EK160
  75. Amhare AF161, 162
  76. Amin TT163
  77. Amiri S164
  78. Andrei CL165
  79. Andrei T169
  80. Anoushiravani A12
  81. Ansar A170, 173
  82. Anvari D174
  83. Anwer R175
  84. Appiah F176, 177
  85. Arabzozani M178
  86. Aravkin AY1, 2, 181
  87. Areda D184, 185
  88. Aregawi BB186
  89. Artamonov AA188
  90. Aryal UR190
  91. Asemi Z191
  92. Asemu MT192
  93. Asgedom AA194
  94. Ashraf T198
  95. Asresie MB63
  96. Atlaw D201
  97. Atout MMW202
  98. Atreya A203
  99. Atteraya MS204
  100. Aujayeb A205
  101. Quintanilla BPA171, 206
  102. Ayatollahi H207, 208
  103. Ayyoubzadeh SM13
  104. Azadnajafabad S119, 217
  105. Azevedo RMS218
  106. Azzam AY220, 221
  107. Darshan BB222
  108. Babaei M14, 226
  109. Badar M228
  110. Badiye AD229, 230
  111. Baghcheghi N231
  112. Baghdadi S144, 233
  113. Bagheri N234
  114. Bagherieh S235
  115. Asl FB238
  116. Bai R240
  117. Bakshi RK241
  118. Bam K243
  119. Banach M246, 247
  120. Bankethomas A248, 252
  121. Bansal H253
  122. Bantie BB193
  123. Barchitta M89
  124. Bardhan M254
  125. Bashiri A255
  126. Basiru A264
  127. Baskaran P265
  128. Batra K266
  129. Bayani M268
  130. Bayleyegn NS269
  131. Bedi N271, 274
  132. Begum T275, 279
  133. Behnoush AH15, 281
  134. Belgaumi UI282
  135. Bermudez ANC283, 284
  136. Beyene KA285, 286
  137. Bhandari B287
  138. Bhandari D244, 288
  139. Bhardwaj N289
  140. Bhardwaj P290, 291
  141. Bhaskar S294, 295
  142. Bhattarai S249, 296
  143. Bodolica V297
  144. Braithwaite D298, 299
  145. Brenner H300
  146. Bustanji Y55, 301
  147. Butt NS302
  148. Butt ZA304, 305
  149. Cadri A306, 307
  150. Camposnonato I308
  151. Cattaruzza MS310
  152. Cembranel F311
  153. Cerin E312, 313
  154. Chaconuscamaita PR316
  155. Charan J292
  156. Chattu VK317, 318
  157. Chauhan D319, 320
  158. Chavula MP321, 322
  159. Chen S323
  160. Chi G152
  161. Chitheer A324
  162. Cho WCS325
  163. Choudhari SG326
  164. Chu DT327, 328
  165. Cruzmartins N329, 331
  166. Dadras O16, 333
  167. Dagnew GW64
  168. Dalaba MA49
  169. Dandona L1, 242, 335
  170. Darwesh AM337
  171. Das JK338
  172. Das S339
  173. Dash NR56
  174. Davilacervantes CA340
  175. Davletov K341
  176. Debela BG40
  177. Debele AT343
  178. Derese M345
  179. Deribe K346, 347
  180. Dervisevic E348
  181. Dessie AM192, 397
  182. Dhali A349
  183. Dhulipala VR350
  184. Dirac MA1, 3, 182
  185. Dong W351
  186. Dora BT352
  187. Dsouza HL225, 354
  188. Duraes AR355, 357
  189. Dutta S359
  190. Dziedzic AM360
  191. Eddra A361
  192. Edvardsson K362
  193. Eini E363
  194. Ekholuenetale M364
  195. El Sayedzaki M365
  196. Elgendy IY153, 368
  197. Elhadi M369, 370
  198. Elshaer M365
  199. Elsohaby I372
  200. Emeto TI374
  201. Bain LE376
  202. Esayas HL352
  203. Eshrati B209
  204. Esposito F377
  205. Fagbamigbe AF77, 380
  206. Fakhradiyev IR342
  207. Faramarzi A256, 257
  208. Faro A382
  209. Fatehizadeh A383
  210. Fekadu G371, 384
  211. Fischer F385
  212. Fomenkov AA386
  213. Fukumoto T387
  214. Gaal PA388, 389
  215. Gaidhane AM390
  216. Gajdacs M391
  217. Galali Y392, 393
  218. Gallus S394
  219. Ganesan B395
  220. Gazzelloni F396
  221. Gebrehiwot M397
  222. Gebremedhin AT398, 399
  223. Gebremeskel TG400, 401
  224. Geda YF403
  225. Gezae KE195
  226. Ghasemi MR105, 106
  227. Ghazy RM31, 404
  228. Gheno G405
  229. Gialluisi A406
  230. Gissler M407, 408
  231. Glasbey JC409
  232. Glasstetter LM411
  233. Golechha M412
  234. Goleij P413, 414
  235. Golinelli D415, 416
  236. Grivna M112, 417
  237. Guha A418, 422
  238. Guicciardi S378, 423
  239. Guo H4
  240. Gupta S424
  241. Gupta VB425
  242. Gupta VK426
  243. Haller S428, 429
  244. Halwani R56, 57
  245. Hamidi S430
  246. Handal AJ431
  247. Haro JM432, 433
  248. Hartman NN435, 436
  249. Hasan T438
  250. Hasanpourdehkordi A439
  251. Hasnain MS440
  252. Hassanipour S441, 442
  253. He WQ66
  254. Heidari M98
  255. Herreraserna BY444
  256. Herteliu C179, 446
  257. Hessami K154, 258
  258. Hezam K447, 449
  259. Hiraike Y450
  260. Holla R222
  261. Hossain MM452, 453
  262. Hosseinzadeh H454
  263. Hosseinzadeh M455, 458
  264. Hostiuc M166
  265. Hostiuc S167, 459
  266. Hu C460
  267. Huang J461
  268. Huda MM71, 276, 463, 464
  269. Huda MN71, 276, 463, 464
  270. Huynh HH465
  271. Hwang BF469, 470
  272. Iftikhar PM471
  273. Ilesanmi OS472, 473
  274. Ilic IM475
  275. Ilic MD476
  276. Immurana M50
  277. Iranmehr A17
  278. Iravanpour F259
  279. Iwagami M250, 477
  280. Iwu CD5
  281. Iyasu AN478
  282. Jaafari J443
  283. Jafarzadeh A479, 482
  284. Jahrami H484, 485
  285. Janodia MD486
  286. Javadi N235, 236
  287. Javaheri T487
  288. Jayapal SK489
  289. Jema AT490
  290. Jokar M491, 493
  291. Joseph N494
  292. Joshua CE497
  293. Jurisson M498
  294. Kabir A210
  295. Kabir Z499
  296. Karaye IM500, 501
  297. Karimi H15
  298. Kasraei H211, 260
  299. Kauppila JH52, 502
  300. Kendal ES503
  301. Keykhaei M18, 19
  302. Khalid N504
  303. Khamesipour F212, 505
  304. Khan MN67, 272, 506
  305. Khan M67, 272, 506
  306. Khan YH507
  307. Khatab K508, 509
  308. Khatatbeh H510
  309. Khatatbeh MM511
  310. Khateri S512
  311. Kashani HRK103
  312. Khormali M20
  313. Kim MS513, 516
  314. Kim TV517, 518
  315. Kim YJ519
  316. Kimokoti RW520
  317. Kisa A521, 522
  318. Kisa S523
  319. Kochhar S6, 524
  320. Kolahi AA104
  321. Kompani F21
  322. Koohestani HR232
  323. Kosen S525
  324. Koyanagi A526
  325. Krishan K527
  326. Krishnamoorthy V7, 437
  327. Defo BK528, 529
  328. Kuchay RAH530
  329. Kuddus M531
  330. Kumar GA335
  331. Kurmi OP381, 532
  332. Vecchia CL534
  333. Lacey B535, 536
  334. Lahariya C537, 538
  335. Laksono T539, 540
  336. Lal DK242
  337. Lasrado S541
  338. Latief K466, 542
  339. Latifinaibin K213
  340. Le TTT543
  341. Lee M544
  342. Lee SW545
  343. Lee WC546
  344. Lee YH547
  345. Lenzi J377
  346. Li MC548
  347. Li S135
  348. Ligade VS223
  349. Lim SS1, 3
  350. Liu G92
  351. Liu J549
  352. Liu X148, 419
  353. Lorenzovici L552, 553
  354. Lotfizadeh M99, 100
  355. Afifi AM554
  356. Madureiracarvalho AM555, 557
  357. Magee LA559, 561
  358. Majeed A563
  359. Rad EM22
  360. Malhotra K410, 564
  361. Malik AA303
  362. Malik I565
  363. Mallhi TH507
  364. Maravilla JC277, 567
  365. Martini S568, 570
  366. Martinsmelo FRR571
  367. Martorell M572, 573
  368. Marzan MB172
  369. Mathangasinghe Y245, 574
  370. Mattiello R575
  371. Maugeri A89
  372. Mayeli M15
  373. Mazaheri M576
  374. Mediratta RP227
  375. Mehrabanizeinabad K237
  376. Meles GG196
  377. Meles HN187
  378. Mendezlopez MA577
  379. Mendoza W578
  380. Menezes RG123
  381. Meretoja A579, 581
  382. Meretoja TJ580, 582
  383. Michalek IM583, 584
  384. Minh LHN467, 468
  385. Mirfakhraie R106
  386. Mirghafourvand M585
  387. Mirica A169
  388. Mirrakhimov EM588, 589
  389. Mirza M590
  390. Bawa EM593
  391. Misra S293
  392. Mizana BA270
  393. Mohamed NS594, 595
  394. Mohammadalizadehcharandabi S586, 587
  395. Mohammed G56, 596
  396. Mohammed S353, 597, 598, 599
  397. Mohammed S353, 597, 598, 599
  398. Mokdad AH1, 3
  399. Molinaro S600
  400. Momtazmanesh S15, 18
  401. Monasta L601
  402. Moni MA278, 602
  403. Ghalibaf AM179
  404. Moraga P603
  405. Morovatdar N604
  406. Mosapour A606, 608
  407. Mouodi S607
  408. Mousavi P18
  409. Mueller UO609, 610
  410. Mughal F611, 612
  411. Mulita A613
  412. Mulita F614, 615
  413. Muriithi MK616
  414. Nair TS617
  415. Najmuldeen HHR618
  416. Nambi G566
  417. Nangia V619
  418. Nascimento GG620
  419. Nauman J113, 621
  420. Nejadghaderi SA280, 480
  421. Nematollahi MH481
  422. Nguefacktsague G622
  423. Ngunjiri JW623
  424. Nguyen DH514, 624
  425. Nguyen HTH456, 457
  426. Nguyen HQ625
  427. Nguyen PT626
  428. Niazi RK627
  429. Nikoobar A104
  430. Nnyanzi LA628
  431. Noman EA68, 448
  432. Nomura S451, 629
  433. Noreen M630
  434. Nurrika D631, 632
  435. Nzoputam CI633
  436. Nzoputam OJ634, 635
  437. Oancea B636
  438. Obamiro KO375
  439. Ogunsakin RE637
  440. Okeke SR69, 70
  441. Okekunle AP78, 638
  442. Okonji OC639
  443. Okwute PG47, 640
  444. Olagunju AT533, 641
  445. Olakunde BO642
  446. Olatubi MI643
  447. Olufadewa II75, 79
  448. Olusanya BO644
  449. Ordak M645
  450. Ortegaaltamirano DV309
  451. Osman WMS647
  452. Osuagwu UL648, 649
  453. Otoiu A169
  454. Otstavnov N650
  455. Otstavnov SS651
  456. Ouyahia A653, 654
  457. Owolabi MO80, 474
  458. Padronmonedero A655
  459. Padubidri JR495
  460. Pana A656, 657
  461. Parija PP658
  462. Parikh RR659
  463. Pashaei A562
  464. Patel SK660
  465. Patil S661, 662
  466. Pawar S665
  467. Pedersini P666
  468. Pepito VCF667
  469. Peprah P427
  470. Pereira G668, 669
  471. Pereira J670
  472. Pereira M356
  473. Pereira MO671
  474. Perianayagam A672
  475. Perico N673
  476. Pesudovs K72
  477. Petcu IR169
  478. Petermannrocha FE674, 676
  479. Pezeshki PS23, 24
  480. Pham T1
  481. Phan MK677
  482. Philip AK678
  483. Pigeolet M150, 155
  484. Piracha ZZ679
  485. Podder V680, 681
  486. Poddighe D682, 683
  487. Pradhan PMS156, 684
  488. Shahraki HR261
  489. Raghav P290
  490. Rahman M685
  491. Rahmanian V686
  492. Raimondo I687, 688
  493. Ramasamy SK689
  494. Ranabhat CL690, 691
  495. Rancic N692, 693
  496. Rao CR224
  497. Rao SJ694
  498. Rasella D356, 695
  499. Rashid AM696, 697
  500. Rawassizadeh R488
  501. Redwan EMM698, 699
  502. Remuzzi G673
  503. Rengasamy KRR700
  504. Renzaho AMN701, 702
  505. Rezaei N18, 25
  506. Rezaei N18, 25
  507. Rezaeian M483
  508. Robinsonoden HE1
  509. Roever L703, 704
  510. Rohloff P157, 705
  511. Ronfani L601
  512. Rwegerera GM706
  513. Saad AMA373
  514. Saadatian Z707, 708
  515. Sabour S101
  516. Saddik BA57, 73
  517. Sadeghi M709
  518. Saeb MR710
  519. Saeed U711, 712
  520. Saghazadeh A11
  521. Sagoe D334
  522. Saheb Sharifaskari F58
  523. Saheb Sharifaskari N56
  524. Sahebkar A605, 664
  525. Sahoo H713
  526. Sahoo SS591
  527. Saleh MA57, 366
  528. Salehi S44
  529. Salem MR714
  530. Samy AM715, 716
  531. Sanjeev RK717
  532. Sarikhani Y260, 718
  533. Sarode SC719
  534. Satpathy M720, 721
  535. Sawhney M722
  536. Saya GK723
  537. Saylan M724
  538. Schlaich MP725, 726
  539. Schneider IJC727
  540. Schuermans A515, 728
  541. Sengupta P729
  542. Senthilkumaran S730
  543. Sepanlou SG12, 262
  544. Serban D731
  545. Seyedalinaghi S26
  546. Seylani A732
  547. Shafie M27
  548. Shah J733
  549. Shah PA734
  550. Shahid S199, 200
  551. Shaikh MA735
  552. Sham S736
  553. Shanawaz M273
  554. Shannawaz M737
  555. Sharew MM738
  556. Sharma M267
  557. Shetty A496
  558. Shetty BSK495
  559. Shetty PH495
  560. Shiri R739
  561. Shirkoohi R28, 29
  562. Shivalli S251
  563. Shool S20, 214
  564. Shorofi SA402, 740
  565. Shuja KH741
  566. Shuval K742
  567. Sibhat MM41
  568. Sidamo NB353
  569. Silva JP332
  570. Simpson CR743, 744
  571. Singh JA746, 747
  572. Singh P592
  573. Singh S292
  574. Skhvitaridze N748, 749
  575. Socea B168, 750
  576. Sohag AAM751
  577. Soleimani H280
  578. Solomon Y752
  579. Song S754
  580. Song Y550
  581. Spartalis M755
  582. Sreeramareddy CT136
  583. Stergachis A3, 8
  584. Suleman M756, 757
  585. Sultana S758
  586. Sun HZ759
  587. Sun J463, 760
  588. Szeto MD761
  589. Tabaresseisdedos R434, 762
  590. Tabatabai S107
  591. Tabish M94
  592. Taheri M108, 215
  593. Soodejani MT763
  594. Tamuzi JL764, 766
  595. Tan KK767
  596. Tarigan IU769
  597. Oliaee RT263
  598. Taye BT770
  599. Tefera YM753
  600. Temsah MH772
  601. Teramoto M773
  602. Tesfamariam WB197
  603. Teyekwadjo E765, 775
  604. Tharwat S367
  605. Thavamani A420, 421
  606. Thomas N776
  607. Titova MV189, 777
  608. Tiyuri A180, 216
  609. Topormadry R778, 779
  610. Tovanipalone MR663
  611. Tripathy JP780
  612. Tromans SJ781, 782
  613. Ubah CS783, 784
  614. Umair M785, 786
  615. Umakanthan S787
  616. Unim B788
  617. Vaithinathan AG789
  618. Tahbaz SV790, 791
  619. Valenti M792, 793
  620. Valizadeh R239
  621. Van Den Eynde J728
  622. Varthya SB292
  623. Veroux M89
  624. Verras GI745, 794
  625. Villani L795
  626. Violante FS379, 797
  627. Vlassov V652
  628. Walde MT344
  629. Wang F798
  630. Wang S799, 800
  631. Wang Y560
  632. Wang Y560
  633. Wassie EG803
  634. Weerakoon KG804
  635. Wolde AA1, 805
  636. Xu X73, 806
  637. Yadav V807
  638. Yang L492, 808
  639. Yano Y796
  640. Yehualashet SS771
  641. Yi S569, 768
  642. Yigit A558
  643. Yigit V558
  644. Yip P314, 315
  645. Yonemoto N556, 675
  646. Zaki N114
  647. Zamagni G601
  648. Zaman BA445
  649. Zastrozhin M358, 774
  650. Zhang H142, 551
  651. Zhang Y330
  652. Zhang ZJ219
  653. Zhao H85
  654. Zhong CC462
  655. Zielinska M646
  656. Zuhriyah L336
  657. Hay SI1, 3
  658. Naghavi M1, 3
  659. Murray CJL1, 3
  660. Dandona R1, 181
  661. Kassebaum NJ1, 7, 181
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  4. 4. Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  5. 5. School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  6. 6. Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  7. 7. Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  8. 8. Department of Pharmacy, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  9. 9. Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo General Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia
  10. 10. Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  11. 11. Research Center for Immunodeficiencies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Health Information Management, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  14. 14. Neurosicence Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  15. 15. School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  16. 16. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  17. 17. Department of Neurosurgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  18. 18. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  19. 19. Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  20. 20. Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  23. 23. Department of Internal Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  24. 24. Department of Master of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  26. 26. Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  28. 28. Cancer Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  29. 29. Cancer Biology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  30. 30. Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  31. 31. Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  32. 32. Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States
  33. 33. Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
  34. 34. Department of Public Health, Department of Health, Jimma, Ethiopia
  35. 35. Department of Health, Diabetes Research Center, Jimma, Ethiopia
  36. 36. Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria
  37. 37. Department of Health, Setif, Algeria
  38. 38. National Institute of Epidemiology, Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India
  39. 39. Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  40. 40. Department of Public Health, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  41. 41. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia
  42. 42. Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  43. 43. Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  44. 44. Mark and Mary Stevens Neuroimaging and Informatics Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  45. 45. Laboratory Technology Sciences Department, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran
  46. 46. Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
  47. 47. Department of Medical Physiology, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria
  48. 48. Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  49. 49. Institute of Health and Allied Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  50. 50. Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  51. 51. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  52. 52. Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
  53. 53. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, Quezon City, Philippines
  54. 54. Department of Clinical Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  55. 55. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  56. 56. Clinical Sciences Department, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  57. 57. College of Medicine, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  58. 58. Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  59. 59. University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  60. 60. Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  61. 61. Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine
  62. 62. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  63. 63. School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  64. 64. Department of Reproductive Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  65. 65. School of Medicine, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  66. 66. Faculty of Medicine and Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  67. 67. Department of Public Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  68. 68. School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  69. 69. University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  70. 70. Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  71. 71. Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  72. 72. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  73. 73. School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  74. 74. Department of Nursing, Wolaita Sodo University, Woliata, Sodo, Ethiopia
  75. 75. Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria
  76. 76. Department of Physiotherapy, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  77. 77. Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  78. 78. College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  79. 79. Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  80. 80. Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  81. 81. Department of Microbiology, Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria
  82. 82. Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
  83. 83. Department of Public Health, Federal Ministry of Health, Abuja, Nigeria
  84. 84. Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia
  85. 85. College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China
  86. 86. Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan
  87. 87. Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan
  88. 88. Department of New Initiatives, International Vaccine Institute, Seoul, South Korea
  89. 89. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies 'GF Ingrassia', University of Catania, Catania, Italy
  90. 90. Department of Public Health Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada
  91. 91. School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  92. 92. School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  93. 93. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  94. 94. Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia
  95. 95. School of Medicine and Psychology, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  96. 96. Public Health Foundation of India, Gandhinagar, India
  97. 97. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  98. 98. Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  99. 99. Department of Community Health, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  100. 100. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  101. 101. Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  102. 102. National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  103. 103. Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  104. 104. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  105. 105. Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  106. 106. Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  107. 107. Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  108. 108. Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  109. 109. Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
  110. 110. Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
  111. 111. Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan
  112. 112. Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  113. 113. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  114. 114. Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
  115. 115. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Patras, Patras, Greece
  116. 116. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  117. 117. Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  118. 118. Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  119. 119. Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  120. 120. Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St. Louis, MO, United States
  121. 121. Murdoch Business School, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
  122. 122. Department of Health Information Management and Technology, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  123. 123. Division of Forensic Medicine, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  124. 124. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  125. 125. Department of Community and Mental Health, Al al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan
  126. 126. Global Health Entrepreneurship, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
  127. 127. Department of Bacteriology, Immunology, and Mycology, Suez Canal University, Ismailia, Egypt
  128. 128. Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  129. 129. Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  130. 130. Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
  131. 131. Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  132. 132. Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria
  133. 133. Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  134. 134. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  135. 135. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  136. 136. Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  137. 137. International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia
  138. 138. Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
  139. 139. Department of Parasitology, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
  140. 140. Department of Parasitology, Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen
  141. 141. Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  142. 142. Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  143. 143. Doheny Image Reading and Research Lab (DIRRL), University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  144. 144. Department of Orthopedics, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  145. 145. College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  146. 146. Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  147. 147. Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  148. 148. Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States
  149. 149. Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  150. 150. Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  151. 151. Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  152. 152. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  153. 153. Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  154. 154. Maternal Fetal Care Center, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  155. 155. Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  156. 156. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  157. 157. Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  158. 158. Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
  159. 159. Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, United States
  160. 160. School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong
  161. 161. Department of Public Health, Salale University, Fitche, Ethiopia
  162. 162. School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
  163. 163. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  164. 164. Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  165. 165. Department of Cardiology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  166. 166. Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  167. 167. Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  168. 168. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  169. 169. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  170. 170. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  171. 171. The Judith Lumley Centre, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  172. 172. Centre for Alcohol Policy Research (CAPR), La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  173. 173. Special Interest Group International Health, Public Health Association of Australia, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  174. 174. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  175. 175. Department of Pathology, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  176. 176. Department of Social Sciences, Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Ghana
  177. 177. School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  178. 178. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  179. 179. Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  180. 180. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
  181. 181. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
  182. 182. Department of Family Medicine, Seattle, WA, United States
  183. 183. University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  184. 184. College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States
  185. 185. School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
  186. 186. College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  187. 187. Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  188. 188. Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  189. 189. K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation
  190. 190. Department of Research, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal
  191. 191. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
  192. 192. Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  193. 193. Department of Comprehensive Nursing, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia
  194. 194. Department of Environmental Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  195. 195. Department of Biostatistics, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  196. 196. School of Public Health, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  197. 197. Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  198. 198. University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  199. 199. Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  200. 200. Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
  201. 201. Department of Biomedical Science, Madda Walabu University, Bale Robe, Ethiopia
  202. 202. Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan
  203. 203. Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal
  204. 204. Department of Social Welfare, Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
  205. 205. Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
  206. 206. Universidad de San Martin de Porres, Lima, Peru
  207. 207. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  208. 208. Department of Health Information Management, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  209. 209. Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  210. 210. Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  211. 211. Eye Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  212. 212. Research Center of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  213. 213. Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  214. 214. Center for Technology and Innovation in Cardiovascular Informatics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  215. 215. Trauma and Injury Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  216. 216. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  217. 217. Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom
  218. 218. Department of Sciences, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario, Gandra, Portugal
  219. 219. School of Public Health, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  220. 220. ASIDE Healthcare, Lewes, DE, United States
  221. 221. Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt
  222. 222. Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal, India
  223. 223. Department of Pharmaceutical Regulatory Affairs and Management, Manipal, India
  224. 224. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal, India
  225. 225. Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India
  226. 226. Department of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  227. 227. Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States
  228. 228. Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
  229. 229. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science Nagpur, Nagpur, India
  230. 230. Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
  231. 231. Department of Nursing, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  232. 232. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Saveh University of Medical Sciences, Saveh, Iran
  233. 233. Orthopedic Institute for Children, Los Angeles, CA, United States
  234. 234. Health Research Institute, University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia
  235. 235. School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  236. 236. Department of Pediatrics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  237. 237. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
  238. 238. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Urmia, Iran
  239. 239. Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
  240. 240. School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
  241. 241. Maternal and Child Health Unit, New Delhi, India
  242. 242. Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India
  243. 243. Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  244. 244. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  245. 245. Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
  246. 246. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  247. 247. Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  248. 248. Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  249. 249. Department of Clinical Research, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  250. 250. Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  251. 251. Medical Statistics Department, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  252. 252. Department of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
  253. 253. Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Nagpur, India
  254. 254. Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
  255. 255. Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  256. 256. Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  257. 257. Department of Otolaryngology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  258. 258. Maternal Fetal Medicine Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  259. 259. Basic Science Laboratory, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  260. 260. Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  261. 261. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  262. 262. Non-communicable Disease Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  263. 263. Basic Sciences in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  264. 264. Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria
  265. 265. Department of Community Medicine, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Puducherry, Puducherry, India
  266. 266. Department of Medical Education, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
  267. 267. Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States
  268. 268. School of Dentistry, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  269. 269. Department of Surgery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  270. 270. Department of Midwifery, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  271. 271. School of Public Health, Dr. D.Y. Patil Vidyapeeth, Mumbai, India
  272. 272. Department of Epidemiology, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  273. 273. College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  274. 274. Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
  275. 275. Center of Research Excellence in Stillbirth, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  276. 276. Institue for Social Science Research, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  277. 277. School of Public Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  278. 278. The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  279. 279. Health System and Population Studies Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  280. 280. Department of Epidemiology, Tehran, Iran
  281. 281. NonCommunicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran
  282. 282. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India
  283. 283. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines
  284. 284. Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States
  285. 285. Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
  286. 286. School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
  287. 287. Department of Physiology, Government Institute of Medical Sciences, Greater Noida, India
  288. 288. School of Public Health, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  289. 289. Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  290. 290. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, India
  291. 291. School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  292. 292. Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  293. 293. Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India
  294. 294. Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  295. 295. Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
  296. 296. Global Health Division, Global Health Research and Medical Interventions for Development, Kathmandu, Nepal
  297. 297. School of Business Administration, American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  298. 298. Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
  299. 299. Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States
  300. 300. Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
  301. 301. School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan
  302. 302. Department of Family and Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  303. 303. Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  304. 304. School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  305. 305. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  306. 306. Department of Family Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
  307. 307. Department of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
  308. 308. Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  309. 309. Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
  310. 310. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
  311. 311. Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis, Brazil
  312. 312. Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  313. 313. School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  314. 314. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  315. 315. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  316. 316. Carolina Health Informatics Program, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
  317. 317. Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  318. 318. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India
  319. 319. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Oakland University William Beaumont School of Medicine, Auburn Hills, MI, United States
  320. 320. Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, United States
  321. 321. School of Public Health, University of Zambia, Lusaka, Zambia
  322. 322. Department of Epidemiology and Global Health, Umea University, Umea, Sweden
  323. 323. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  324. 324. Iraq Field Epidemiology Training Program (I-FETP), Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
  325. 325. Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong
  326. 326. Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India
  327. 327. The Interdisciplinary Research Group on Biomedicine and Health, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  328. 328. Faculty of Applied Sciences, VNU International School (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam
  329. 329. Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario, Vila Nova de Famalicao, Portugal
  330. 330. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  331. 331. Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  332. 332. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  333. 333. Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  334. 334. Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
  335. 335. Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India
  336. 336. Department of Public Health, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia
  337. 337. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  338. 338. Division of Women and Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  339. 339. Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India
  340. 340. Department of Population and Development, Latin American Faculty of Social Sciences Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  341. 341. Health Research Institute, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  342. 342. The Scientific and Technological Park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
  343. 343. Department of Health Policy and Management, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  344. 344. Department of Psychiatry, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia
  345. 345. Department of Nursing, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan-Aman, Ethiopia
  346. 346. Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  347. 347. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  348. 348. Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
  349. 349. Sheffield Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  350. 350. The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
  351. 351. School of Elderly Care Services and Management, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
  352. 352. Department of Midwifery, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  353. 353. School of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia
  354. 354. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, India
  355. 355. School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  356. 356. Institute of Collective Health, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
  357. 357. Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saude Publica, Salvador, Brazil
  358. 358. Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, United States
  359. 359. College of Medicine, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
  360. 360. Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
  361. 361. Higher School of Technology, Sultan Moulay Slimane University, Beni Mellal, Morocco
  362. 362. School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia
  363. 363. Private Orthodontist, Ahvaz, Iran
  364. 364. Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom
  365. 365. Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  366. 366. Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  367. 367. Rheumatology and Immunology Unit, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
  368. 368. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States
  369. 369. Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya
  370. 370. Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States
  371. 371. Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  372. 372. Department of Animal Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  373. 373. Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
  374. 374. Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, QLD, Australia
  375. 375. James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia
  376. 376. Lincoln International Institute for Rural Health, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, United Kingdom
  377. 377. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  378. 378. Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  379. 379. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  380. 380. Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
  381. 381. Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
  382. 382. Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, Sao Cristovao, Brazil
  383. 383. School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
  384. 384. Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  385. 385. Institute of Public Health, Charite Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
  386. 386. Department of Cell Biology and Biotechnology, K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  387. 387. Department of Dermatology, Kobe University, Kobe, Japan
  388. 388. Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
  389. 389. Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Targu-Mures, Romania
  390. 390. Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India
  391. 391. Department of Oral Biology and Experimental Dental Research, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
  392. 392. Department of Food Technology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  393. 393. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq
  394. 394. Department of Medical Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy
  395. 395. Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia
  396. 396. Institute and Faculty of Actuaries, London, United Kingdom
  397. 397. Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  398. 398. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Edith Cowan University, Perth, WA, Australia
  399. 399. School of Population Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
  400. 400. Department of Reproductive and Family Health, Axum College of Health Science, Axum, Ethiopia
  401. 401. College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  402. 402. Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  403. 403. Department of Midwifery, Wolkite University, Wolkite, Ethiopia
  404. 404. Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
  405. 405. Department of Statistics, Ronin Institute, Montclair, NJ, United States
  406. 406. Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
  407. 407. Information Services Department, THL Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
  408. 408. Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society, Karolinska Institute, Sweden, Sweden
  409. 409. NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  410. 410. Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
  411. 411. National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
  412. 412. Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India
  413. 413. Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
  414. 414. Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  415. 415. Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy
  416. 416. Health Services Research, Evaluation and Policy Unit, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy
  417. 417. Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
  418. 418. Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  419. 419. Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  420. 420. Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  421. 421. Division of Pediatric Gastroenterology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  422. 422. Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
  423. 423. Department of the Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  424. 424. Department of Toxicology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India
  425. 425. School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
  426. 426. Faculty of Medicine Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  427. 427. Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  428. 428. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
  429. 429. Department of Public Health, Charite Insitute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany
  430. 430. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  431. 431. Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
  432. 432. Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain
  433. 433. Department of Mental Health, Madrid, Spain
  434. 434. Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain
  435. 435. University of Tulsa College of Law, University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, United States
  436. 436. Department of Economics & Statistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
  437. 437. Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
  438. 438. Biomedical Engineering Department, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  439. 439. Department of Medical Surgical, Shahroud University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  440. 440. Department of Pharmacy, Marwadi University, Rajkot, India
  441. 441. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  442. 442. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  443. 443. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  444. 444. Departamento de Salud Oral (Department of Oral Health), Universidad Autonoma de Manizales (Autonomous University of Manizales), Manizales, Colombia
  445. 445. Basic Sciences Department, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq
  446. 446. BabesBolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
  447. 447. Department of Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
  448. 448. Faculty of Applied Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
  449. 449. School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
  450. 450. Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  451. 451. Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  452. 452. Department of Decision and Information Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States
  453. 453. Public Health Research Group, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh
  454. 454. School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
  455. 455. School of Computer Science, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  456. 456. Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  457. 457. Institute for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  458. 458. Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan
  459. 459. Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania
  460. 460. Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
  461. 461. Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  462. 462. Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  463. 463. Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia
  464. 464. Research Division, ARCED Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  465. 465. International Master Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  466. 466. Department of Global Health and Health Security, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  467. 467. International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  468. 468. Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  469. 469. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
  470. 470. Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
  471. 471. Health Policy and Management Department, City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
  472. 472. West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria
  473. 473. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  474. 474. Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria
  475. 475. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  476. 476. Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  477. 477. Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
  478. 478. Department of Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia
  479. 479. Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  480. 480. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  481. 481. Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  482. 482. Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  483. 483. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
  484. 484. College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain
  485. 485. Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain
  486. 486. School of Pharmaceutical Management, IIHMR University, Jaipur, India
  487. 487. Health Informatic Lab, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  488. 488. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  489. 489. Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman
  490. 490. Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia
  491. 491. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  492. 492. Department of Oncology, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
  493. 493. Young Researchers and Elite Club, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
  494. 494. Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  495. 495. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  496. 496. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  497. 497. Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria
  498. 498. Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
  499. 499. School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  500. 500. School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States
  501. 501. Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States
  502. 502. Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
  503. 503. Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia
  504. 504. College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  505. 505. Halal Research Center of the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI), Iran Food and Drug Administration, Tehran, Iran
  506. 506. Population Science Department, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  507. 507. Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
  508. 508. College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  509. 509. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  510. 510. Faculty of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
  511. 511. Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan
  512. 512. School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  513. 513. Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States
  514. 514. Division of Cardiology, Boston, MA, United States
  515. 515. Cardiovascular Research Center, Boston, MA, United States
  516. 516. Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States
  517. 517. Department of Epidemiology, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  518. 518. Center of Excellence for Liver Disease in Viet Nam, Johns Hopkins University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  519. 519. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  520. 520. Millennium Prevention, Westwood, MA, United States
  521. 521. School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway
  522. 522. Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States
  523. 523. Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
  524. 524. Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
  525. 525. Jakarta, Indonesia
  526. 526. San Juan de Dios Sanitary Park, Barcelona, Spain
  527. 527. Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India
  528. 528. Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  529. 529. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada
  530. 530. Department of Biotechnology, Baba Ghulam Shah Badshah University, Jammu and Kashmir, India
  531. 531. Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
  532. 532. Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  533. 533. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  534. 534. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  535. 535. Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  536. 536. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
  537. 537. Integrated Department of Epidemiology, Health Policy, Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India
  538. 538. Centre for Health: The Specialty Practice, New Delhi, India
  539. 539. Department of Physiotherapy, Universitas Aisyiyah Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
  540. 540. Institute of Allied Health Sciences, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
  541. 541. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India
  542. 542. Centre for Family Welfare, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  543. 543. University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  544. 544. Department of Medical Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea
  545. 545. Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab, Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea
  546. 546. Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
  547. 547. Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
  548. 548. Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
  549. 549. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University, Beijing, China
  550. 550. Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
  551. 551. School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
  552. 552. Department of Health Economics, Syreon Research Romania, Targu Mures, Romania
  553. 553. Department of Doctoral Studies, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania
  554. 554. Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Toledo, OH, United States
  555. 555. Toxicology Research Unit (TOXRUN), Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal
  556. 556. Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
  557. 557. Laboratorio de Farmacognosia (LAQV), Universidade do Porto (University of Porto), Porto, Portugal
  558. 558. Department of Health Management, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
  559. 559. Department of Women and Children's Health, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  560. 560. School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
  561. 561. Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  562. 562. School of Nursing, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
  563. 563. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  564. 564. Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India
  565. 565. Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  566. 566. Department of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia
  567. 567. Far Eastern University, Manila, Philippines
  568. 568. Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (University of Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia
  569. 569. KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
  570. 570. Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia
  571. 571. Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceara, Campus Fortaleza, Fortaleza, Brazil
  572. 572. Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
  573. 573. Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepcion, Concepcion, Chile
  574. 574. Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
  575. 575. Department of Social Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
  576. 576. Department of Social Medicine and Family, Dezful University of Medical Sciences, Dezful, Iran
  577. 577. Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland
  578. 578. Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru
  579. 579. General Administration Department, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  580. 580. Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
  581. 581. School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  582. 582. University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
  583. 583. National Cancer Registry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
  584. 584. Department of Pathology, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland
  585. 585. Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  586. 586. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  587. 587. Midwifery Department, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  588. 588. Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  589. 589. Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan
  590. 590. Department of Hospital Administration, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  591. 591. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  592. 592. Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India
  593. 593. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States
  594. 594. Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
  595. 595. Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan
  596. 596. Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
  597. 597. Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, United States
  598. 598. Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
  599. 599. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  600. 600. Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, Pisa, Italy
  601. 601. Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy
  602. 602. AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
  603. 603. Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  604. 604. Clinical Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  605. 605. Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  606. 606. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  607. 607. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  608. 608. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  609. 609. Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany
  610. 610. Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany
  611. 611. School of Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
  612. 612. Division of Psychology and Mental Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
  613. 613. Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece
  614. 614. Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece
  615. 615. Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece
  616. 616. School of Economics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
  617. 617. Department of Community Medicine, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, India
  618. 618. Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Cihan University Sulaymaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  619. 619. Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India
  620. 620. National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
  621. 621. Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
  622. 622. Department of Public Health, University of Yaounde I, Yaounde, Cameroon
  623. 623. Department of Biological Sciences, University of Embu, Embu, Kenya
  624. 624. Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  625. 625. Cardiovascular Research Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States
  626. 626. Department of Surgery, Danang Family Hospital, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  627. 627. International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  628. 628. Center for Public Health, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom
  629. 629. Global Research Institute, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
  630. 630. Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
  631. 631. Department of Public Health, Banten School of Health Science, South Tangerang, Indonesia
  632. 632. Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Higher Education Service Institutions (LL-DIKTI) Region IV, Bandung, Indonesia
  633. 633. Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria
  634. 634. Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria
  635. 635. Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria
  636. 636. Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  637. 637. School of Health Systems & Public Health, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  638. 638. Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
  639. 639. School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
  640. 640. Department of Medical Physiology, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  641. 641. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  642. 642. Department of Population and Community Health, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, United States
  643. 643. Department of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria
  644. 644. Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria
  645. 645. Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  646. 646. Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
  647. 647. Department of Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
  648. 648. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia
  649. 649. Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa
  650. 650. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation
  651. 651. Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  652. 652. Department of Health Care Administration and Economics, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation
  653. 653. Faculty of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  654. 654. Division of Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria
  655. 655. National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
  656. 656. Department of Public Health, Babes Bolyai University, Cluj Napoca, Romania
  657. 657. Department of Health Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
  658. 658. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, India
  659. 659. Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States
  660. 660. Department of Research and Training, Population Council Institute, New Delhi, India
  661. 661. College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States
  662. 662. Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics (COMManD), Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  663. 663. Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  664. 664. Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
  665. 665. Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
  666. 666. Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy
  667. 667. Center for Research and Innovation, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines
  668. 668. School of Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
  669. 669. Centre for Fertility and Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
  670. 670. Department of Orthopedics, Yenepoya Medical College, Mangalore, India
  671. 671. Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
  672. 672. Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
  673. 673. Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy
  674. 674. Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Diego Portales (Diego Portales University), Santiago, Chile
  675. 675. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  676. 676. School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
  677. 677. Faculty of Medicine of Nam Can Tho University, University of Medicine, Nam Can Tho University, Viet Nam
  678. 678. School of Pharmacy, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman
  679. 679. International Center of Medical Sciences Research, Islamabad, Pakistan
  680. 680. Medical College, Tairunnessa Memorial Medical College and Hospital, Gazipur, Bangladesh
  681. 681. School of Public Health, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  682. 682. College of Health Sciences (CHS), VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  683. 683. Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan
  684. 684. Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
  685. 685. Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh
  686. 686. Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran
  687. 687. Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
  688. 688. Gynecology and Breast Care Center, Mater Olbia Hospital (Qatar Foundation Endowment and Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS Foundation), Olbia, Italy
  689. 689. Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
  690. 690. Department of Research, Eastern Scientific LLC, Richmond, KY, United States
  691. 691. Department of Health Promotion and Administration, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, United States
  692. 692. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  693. 693. Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Belgrade, Serbia
  694. 694. Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India
  695. 695. Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain
  696. 696. Department of Medicine, Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan
  697. 697. Baylor University, Dallas, TX, United States
  698. 698. Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
  699. 699. Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt
  700. 700. Centre for Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
  701. 701. School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  702. 702. Translational Health Research Institute, Burnet Institute, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia
  703. 703. Department of Clinical Research, University of Sao Paulo, Ribeirao Preto, Brazil
  704. 704. Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
  705. 705. Center for Indigenous Health Research, Wuqu' Kawoq Maya Health Alliance, Tecpan, Guatemala
  706. 706. Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana
  707. 707. Faculty of Medicine, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  708. 708. Infectious Diseases Research Center, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran
  709. 709. Health Information Management, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  710. 710. Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Gdansk, Poland
  711. 711. Clinical and Biomedical Research Center, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan
  712. 712. International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan
  713. 713. Department of Family and Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, India
  714. 714. Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
  715. 715. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  716. 716. Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  717. 717. Department of Pediatrics, SRM University, Chennai, India
  718. 718. Department of Public Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran
  719. 719. Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Pune, India
  720. 720. UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India
  721. 721. Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India
  722. 722. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  723. 723. Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India
  724. 724. Psychiatry Clinic, Holy Savior Armenian Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
  725. 725. Dobney Hypertension Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
  726. 726. Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  727. 727. Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Ararangua, Brazil
  728. 728. Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
  729. 729. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
  730. 730. Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India
  731. 731. Fourth Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  732. 732. National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, United States
  733. 733. Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
  734. 734. Department of Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India
  735. 735. Karachi, Pakistan
  736. 736. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Northwell Health, New York, NY, United States
  737. 737. Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India
  738. 738. Institute of public health, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  739. 739. Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland
  740. 740. Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  741. 741. Psychology Department, National University of Modern Languages, Islamabad, Pakistan
  742. 742. The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, United States
  743. 743. School of Health, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
  744. 744. Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  745. 745. College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  746. 746. School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
  747. 747. Department of Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, United States
  748. 748. Global and European Health Education and Study Institute, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia
  749. 749. NCDC, National Center for Disease Control and Public Health, Tbilisi, Georgia
  750. 750. Department of Surgery, 'Sf. Pantelimon' Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  751. 751. School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  752. 752. Department of Nursing, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  753. 753. Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia
  754. 754. Department of Health Policy and Management, University of Georgia College of Public Health, Athens, GA, United States
  755. 755. Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece
  756. 756. Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan
  757. 757. School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
  758. 758. Department of Maternal and Child Health, Projahnmo Research Foundation, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  759. 759. Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
  760. 760. Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
  761. 761. Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States
  762. 762. Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
  763. 763. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
  764. 764. Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  765. 765. Department of Industrial Psychology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  766. 766. Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia
  767. 767. Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  768. 768. Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
  769. 769. National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia
  770. 770. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  771. 771. Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia
  772. 772. Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  773. 773. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  774. 774. Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
  775. 775. Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana
  776. 776. Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India
  777. 777. Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  778. 778. Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
  779. 779. Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland
  780. 780. Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India
  781. 781. Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  782. 782. Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom
  783. 783. Department of Public Health, Brody School of Medicine, Greenville, NC, United States
  784. 784. College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
  785. 785. Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
  786. 786. Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
  787. 787. Department of Paraclinical Sciences, University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
  788. 788. Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrinemetabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy
  789. 789. College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain
  790. 790. Clinical Cancer Research Center, Milad General Hospital, Tehran, Iran
  791. 791. Department of Microbiology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  792. 792. Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, Milan, Italy
  793. 793. Dermatology Unit, IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy
  794. 794. Department of Surgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
  795. 795. Department of Health Science and Public Health, Universita Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of Sacred), Rome, Italy
  796. 796. Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  797. 797. Occupational Medicine Unit, Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  798. 798. School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
  799. 799. Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
  800. 800. Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China
  801. 801. Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, China
  802. 802. Department of Neuroscience, Mount Sinai Health System, New York, NY, United States
  803. 803. Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  804. 804. Department of Parasitology, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka
  805. 805. National Data Management Center for Health (NDMC), Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  806. 806. Cardiovascular Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  807. 807. Environmental Health and Epidemiology, National Institute for Research in Environmental Health, Bhopal, India
  808. 808. Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention Research, Alberta Health Services, Calgary, AB, Canada

Source: The Lancet Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Stillbirth is a devastating and often avoidable adverse pregnancy outcome. Monitoring stillbirth levels and trends—in a comprehensive manner that leaves no one uncounted—is imperative for continuing progress in pregnancy loss reduction. This analysis, completed as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, methodically accounted for different stillbirth definitions with the aim of comprehensively estimating all stillbirths at 20 weeks or longer for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. Methods: We extracted data on stillbirths from 11 412 sources across 185 of 204 countries and territories, including 234 surveys, 231 published studies, 1633 vital statistics reports, and 10 585 unique location-year combinations from vital registration systems. Our final dataset comprised 11 different definitions, which were adjusted to match two gestational age thresholds: 20 weeks or longer (reference) and 28 weeks or longer (for comparisons). We modelled the ratio of stillbirth rate to neonatal mortality rate with spatiotemporal Gaussian process regression for each location and year, and then used final GBD 2021 assessments of fertility and all-cause neonatal mortality to calculate total stillbirths. Secondary analyses evaluated the number of stillbirths missed with the more restrictive gestational age definition, trends in stillbirths as a function of Socio-demographic Index, and progress in reducing stillbirths relative to neonatal deaths. Findings: In 2021, the global stillbirth rate was 23·0 (95% uncertainty interval [UI] 19·7–27·2) per 1000 births (stillbirths plus livebirths) at 20 weeks' gestation or longer, compared to 16·1 (13·9–19·0) per 1000 births at 28 weeks' gestation or longer. The global neonatal mortality rate in 2021 was 17·1 (14·8–19·9) per 1000 livebirths, corresponding to 2·19 million (1·90–2·55) neonatal deaths. The estimated number of stillbirths occurring at 20 weeks' gestation or longer decreased from 5·08 million (95% UI 4·07–6·35) in 1990 to 3·04 million (2·61–3·62) in 2021, corresponding to a 39·8% (31·8–48·0) reduction, which lagged behind a global improvement in neonatal deaths of 45·6% (36·3–53·1) for the same period (down from 4·03 million [3·86–4·22] neonatal deaths in 1990). Stillbirths in south Asia and sub-Saharan Africa comprised 77·4% (2·35 million of 3·04 million) of the global total, an increase from 60·3% (3·07 million of 5·08 million) in 1990. In 2021, 0·926 million (0·792–1·10) stillbirths, corresponding to 30·5% of the global total (3·04 million), occurred between 20 weeks' gestation and 28 weeks' gestation, with substantial variation at the country level. Interpretation: Despite the gradual global decline in stillbirths between 1990 and 2021, the overall number of stillbirths remains substantially high. Counting all stillbirths is paramount to progress, as nearly a third—close to 1 million in total—are left uncounted at the 28 weeks or longer threshold. Our findings draw attention to the differential progress in reducing stillbirths, with a high burden concentrated in countries with low development status. Scarce data availability and poor data quality constrain our capacity to precisely account for stillbirths in many locations. Addressing inequities in universal maternal health coverage, strengthening the quality of maternal health care, and improving the robustness of data systems are urgently needed to reduce the global burden of stillbirths. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
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