Behavioral and Emotional Profiles of School-Age Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in Iran: A Cross-Sectional Study Publisher Pubmed



Danandeh K¹ ; Masoudi M¹ ; Ahmadi NS¹ ; Parvar TA¹ ; Heidarzadeh A¹ ; Shayestehfar M¹ ; Khomeijanifarahani M¹ ; Nakhostinansari A² ; Memari A¹ Show Affiliations
Source: BMC Psychiatry Published:2025

Abstract

Background: To date, no study has compared the psychopathologies and unique characteristics of Intellectual Disability (ID) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) among Iranian children. This study aimed to compare the behavioral and emotional profiles of school-age children with ASD and ID. Methods: Data were extracted from a large survey consisting of 250 children with ASD and 463 with ID, aged 6–17 years. Diagnoses were based on DSM-V criteria. The parent version of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) was used to evaluate psychopathologies. Scores regarding the sub-scales and specific items were extracted from CBCL and compared in two groups. In the end, the diagnostic value of some specific scores for diagnosing ASD was calculated. Results: The final sample included 250 individuals with ASD and 463 with ID. The mean age of participants was 11.16 (SD = 2.67) and 12.67 (SD = 3.04) years for the ASD and ID groups, respectively. More than 95% of the ASD group were male, while in the ID group, 216 participants were male (46.7%). After adjusting subscale scores for parents’ education, age, gender, and comorbidity in a linear regression model, ASD was only associated with higher withdrawn (P < 0.001), thought problems (P < 0.001), and attention problems (P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study highlights the distinct behavioral profiles in ASD and ID only using CBCL. Introducing this inventory as a comprehensive scale for understanding developmental disorders. Yet, our findings call for more accurate assessment and intervention strategies for each condition. © The Author(s) 2025.