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The Effects of Home-Based Self-Care Education on Blood Pressure and Self-Care Behaviors Among Middle-Aged Patients With Primary Hypertension in Iran: A Randomized Clinical Controlled Trial Publisher



Hazrati Gonbad S1 ; Zakerimoghadam M1 ; Pashaeypoor S2, 3 ; Haghani S4
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Community Health and Geriatric Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Community Based Participatory Research Center, Iranian Institute for Reduction of High – Risk Behaviors, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Nursing Care Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Home Health Care Management and Practice Published:2022


Abstract

Self-care education (SCE) through home visit is one of the methods with potential effects on self-care. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of home-based SCE on blood pressure and self-care behaviors among middle-aged patients with primary hypertension in Iran. This randomized controlled trial was conducted on 110 middle-aged patients with hypertension recruited from public healthcare centers in the south of Tehran, Iran in September 2019. After convenience sampling, Participants were simple randomly allocated to control and intervention groups. Intervention group received a 2-month home-based SCE while control group received routine care services. Before and 2 months after the intervention, self-care behaviors were assessed using the Hypertension Self-Care Activity Level Effects (H-SCALE). Data were analyzed using the SPSS software (v. 16.0) at a significance level of less than.05. After 2 months, the posttest mean scores of self-care behaviors in medication adherence (17.42 ± 1.03 vs 14.49 ± 1.01, p =.04), physical activity (8.16 ± 0.39 vs 6.47 ± 0.52, p =.01), low-salt diet (52.51 ± 3.8 vs 35.36 ± 3.47, p =.001), and blood pressure control (3.47 ± 0.22 vs 2.42 ± 1.89, p =.001), in the intervention group were significantly greater than the control group. However, there were no significant between-group differences respecting the posttest mean scores of the weight management (p =.06) and smoking cessation (p =.2). Also, the mean blood pressure between the 2 groups changed after the intervention, but this difference was not statistically significant. This study suggests the effectiveness of home-based SCE in significantly improving self-care behaviors among patients with hypertension. But more studies are needed to measure the effectiveness of intervention on blood pressure. IRCT code: IRCT20190623043985N1. Registered 06/30/2019, https://fa.irct.ir/trial/40351. © The Author(s) 2021.