Clinical Insights and Diagnostic Challenges of Pulmonary Lophomoniasis in a Sarcoidosis Patient: A Case Report Publisher



Jalayeri MHT ; Lashkarbolouk N ; Mazandarani M ; Dankoub M
Source: Case Reports in Pulmonology Published:2026

Abstract

Introduction: In recent years, reports of patients with lophomoniasis infection have increased. This upward trend has been especially evident among patients with underlying conditions or those undergoing immunosuppressive therapy. Case Presentation: We present a 38-year-old Fars female patient of Fars ethnicity with a 2-year medical history of sarcoidosis who was investigated due to persistent respiratory symptoms that were unresponsive to outpatient treatment. The patient was receiving immunosuppressive medication for her condition. During hospitalization, computed tomography of the lungs revealed the presence of cystic bronchiectasis in the lingula and linear atelectasis. Bronchoscopy was performed, and a bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) sample was taken. Microscopic analysis of the sample showed the presence of Lophomonas spp. Conclusion: Sarcoidosis, an immunodeficiency-related inflammatory disease, may increase susceptibility to parasitic infections. Pulmonary lophomoniasis, mostly presenting with nonspecific symptoms similar to other pneumonias, can lead to delayed diagnosis and poor outcomes. Physicians should consider lophomoniasis in immunocompromised patients due to differences in its nature, diagnostic approach, and treatment. Copyright © 2026 Mohammad Hadi Tajik Jalayeri et al. Case Reports in Pulmonology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.