Prevalence of Sarcopenia and Population Attributable Fraction of Related Factors in Iranian Older Adults From the Imos‑2021 Study Publisher Pubmed



Ghazbani A ; Aghakhani A ; Khalagi K ; Zargar Balajam N ; Mansourzadeh M J ; Sanjari M ; Hajivalizadeh S ; Hesari E ; Fahimfar N ; Ostovar A ; Heshmat R ; Shafiee G
Source: Scientific Reports Published:2026

Abstract

Recognizing the growing impact of sarcopenia among older adults in Iran, this study aimed to estimate its prevalence and quantify the population-attributable fraction (PAF) of potential risk factors using data from the Iranian Multicenter Osteoporosis Study (IMOS-2021). A total of 705 participants aged ≥ 60 years completed the IMOS examinations. Sarcopenia was defined as the coexistence of low muscle mass and low muscle strength, and severe sarcopenia as low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low physical performance. Complex survey analysis was used to calculate the weighted prevalence, and multivariable Poisson regression models were applied to identify associated risk factors and subsequently, their PAFs. The mean age of participants was 67.2 years, and 50.4% were women. The weighted prevalence of sarcopenia was 13.8% (11.1–17.0%), increasing significantly with age (P for trend < 0.001). A body mass index (BMI) < 25 showed a strong association [APR = 5.80 (2.40–13.97)] and the highest PAF (51.0%) for sarcopenia, followed by high fat mass [APR = 2.31 (1.47–3.64); PAF = 42.39%]. Other possible contributing factors were low physical activity (PAF = 28.71%), and small calf circumference (PAF = 16.55%). Sarcopenia is relatively prevalent among Iranian older adults. Low BMI, high adiposity, and low physical activity are key modifiable targets, highlighting the need for prompt nationwide interventions. © The Author(s) 2026.