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Predicting the Environmental Suitability for Onchocerciasis in Africa As an Aid to Elimination Planning Publisher Pubmed



Cromwell EA1, 2 ; Osborne JCP1 ; Unnasch TR3 ; Basanez M4, 5 ; Gass KM6 ; Barbre KA6 ; Hill E1 ; Johnson KB1 ; Donkers KM1 ; Shirude S1 ; Schmidt CA1 ; Adekanmbi V7 ; Adetokunboh OO8, 9 ; Afarideh M10, 11 Show All Authors
Authors
  1. Cromwell EA1, 2
  2. Osborne JCP1
  3. Unnasch TR3
  4. Basanez M4, 5
  5. Gass KM6
  6. Barbre KA6
  7. Hill E1
  8. Johnson KB1
  9. Donkers KM1
  10. Shirude S1
  11. Schmidt CA1
  12. Adekanmbi V7
  13. Adetokunboh OO8, 9
  14. Afarideh M10, 11
  15. Ahmadpour E12
  16. Beshir Ahmed M13, 14
  17. Yihunie Akalu T15
  18. Alaly Z16, 17
  19. Alanezi FM18
  20. Alanzi TM19
  21. Alipour V20, 21
  22. Andrei CL22
  23. Ansari F23, 24
  24. Ansha MG25
  25. Anvari D26, 27
  26. Yaw Appiah SC28, 29
  27. Arabloo J20
  28. Arnold BF30
  29. Ausloos M31, 32
  30. Ayanore MA33
  31. Amin Baig A34
  32. Banach M35, 36
  33. Barac A37, 38
  34. Barnighausen TW39, 40
  35. Bayati M41
  36. Bhattacharyya K42, 43
  37. Bhutta ZA44, 45
  38. Bibi S46
  39. Bijani A47
  40. Bohlouli S48
  41. Bohluli M49, 50
  42. Brady OJ51
  43. Bragazzi NL52
  44. Butt ZA53, 54
  45. Carvalho F55
  46. Chatterjee S56
  47. Chattu VK57
  48. Chattu SK58
  49. Cormier NM1
  50. Dahlawi SMA59
  51. Damiani G60, 61
  52. Daoud F1
  53. Darwesh AM62
  54. Daryani A63
  55. Deribe K64, 65
  56. Dharmaratne SD1, 2, 66
  57. Diaz D67, 68
  58. Do HT69
  59. El Sayed Zak M70
  60. El Tantawi M71
  61. Elemineh DA72
  62. Faraj A73
  63. Harandi MF74
  64. Fatahi Y75, 76
  65. Feigin VL1, 77, 78
  66. Fernandes E79
  67. Foigt NA80
  68. Foroutan M81
  69. Franklin RC82
  70. Mohialdeen Gubari MI83
  71. Guido D84
  72. Guo Y85, 86
  73. Hajmirzaian A87, 88
  74. Abdullah KH89
  75. Hamidi S90
  76. Herteliu C32, 91
  77. De Hidru HD92
  78. Higazi TB93
  79. Hossain N94
  80. Hosseinzadeh M95, 96
  81. Househ M97
  82. Ilesanmi OS98, 99
  83. Ilic MD100
  84. Ilic IM38
  85. Iqbal U101
  86. Naghibi Irvani SS102
  87. Jha RP103, 104
  88. Joukar F105, 106
  89. Jozwiak JJ107
  90. Kabir Z108
  91. Kalankesh LR109
  92. Kalhor R110, 111
  93. Matin BK112
  94. Karimi SE113
  95. Kasaeian A114, 115
  96. Kavetskyy T116, 117
  97. Kayode GA118, 119
  98. Karyani AK112
  99. Kelbore AG120
  100. Keramati M121
  101. Khalilov R122, 123
  102. Khan EA124
  103. Nuruzzaman Khan MN125, 126
  104. Khatab K127, 128
  105. Khater MM129
  106. Kianipour N130
  107. Kibret KT131
  108. Kim YJ132
  109. Kosen S133
  110. Krohn KJ1
  111. Kusuma D134, 135
  112. Vecchia CL136
  113. Lansingh Van C137, 138
  114. Lee PH139
  115. Legrand KE1
  116. Li S140
  117. Longbottom J141
  118. Abd El Razek HM142
  119. Abd El Razek MM143
  120. Maleki A144, 145
  121. Mamun AA146
  122. Manafi A147
  123. Manafi N148, 149
  124. Mansournia MA150
  125. Martinsmelo FR151
  126. Mazidi M152
  127. Mcalinden C153
  128. Meharie BG154
  129. Mendoza W155
  130. Mengesha EW156
  131. Mengistu DT157
  132. Mereta ST158
  133. Mestrovic T159, 160
  134. Miller TR161, 162
  135. Miri M163, 164
  136. Moghadaszadeh M165, 166
  137. Hafshejani AM167
  138. Mohammadpourhodki R168
  139. Mohammed S39, 169
  140. Mohammed S39, 169
  141. Moradi M112
  142. Moradzadeh R172
  143. Moraga P173
  144. Mosser JF1
  145. Naderi M174
  146. Nagarajan AJ175, 176
  147. Naik G177
  148. Negoi I178, 179
  149. Nguyen CT180
  150. Nguyen HLT180
  151. Nguyen TH181
  152. Nikbakhsh R88
  153. Oancea B182
  154. Olagunju TO183
  155. Olagunju AT184, 185
  156. Bali AO186
  157. Onwujekwe OE187
  158. Pana A32, 188
  159. Pourjafar H189, 190
  160. Rahim F191, 192
  161. Ur Rahman MH193
  162. Rathi P194
  163. Rawaf S195, 196
  164. Rawaf DL197, 198
  165. Rawassizadeh R199
  166. Resnikoff S200, 201
  167. Reta MA202, 203
  168. Rezapour A20
  169. Rubagotti E204
  170. Rubino S205
  171. Sadeghi E112
  172. Saghafipour A206, 207
  173. Sajadi SM208, 209
  174. Samy AM210
  175. Sarmientosuarez R211, 212
  176. Sawhney M213
  177. Schipp MF1
  178. Shaheen AA214
  179. Shaikh MA215
  180. Shamsizadeh M216
  181. Sharafi K112
  182. Sheikh A217, 218
  183. Kumar Shetty BS219
  184. Shin JI220
  185. Shivakumar KM221
  186. Simonetti B222, 223
  187. Singh JA224, 225
  188. Skiadaresi E226
  189. Soheili A227
  190. Soltani S112
  191. Spurlock EE1
  192. Sufiyan MB228
  193. Tabuchi T229
  194. Tapak L230, 231
  195. Thompson RL1
  196. Thomson AJ232
  197. Traini E233
  198. Tran BX234
  199. Ullah I235
  200. Ullah S46
  201. Uneke CJ236
  202. Unnikrishnan B237
  203. Uthman OA238
  204. Melchers NVSV239
  205. Violante FS240, 241
  206. Wolde HF15
  207. Wonde TE242
  208. Yamada T243
  209. Yaya S244, 245
  210. Yazdi Feyzabadi V246, 247
  211. Yip P248, 249
  212. Yonemoto N250, 251
  213. Yousof HASA129
  214. Yu C252
  215. Yu Y253
  216. Yusefzadeh H254
  217. Zaki L255
  218. Zaman SB256, 257
  219. Zamanian M172
  220. Zhang ZJ258
  221. Zhang Y259, 260
  222. Ziapour A261
  223. Hay SI1, 2
  224. Pigott DM1, 2
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  2. 2. Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States
  3. 3. GlobalHealth Infectious Disease, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
  4. 4. London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  5. 5. MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis (MRC-GIDA), Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  6. 6. Neglected Tropical Diseases, Support Center, Task Force for Global Health, Decatur, GA, United States
  7. 7. Population, Health Sciences, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  8. 8. Centre of Excellence for Epidemiological, Modelling and Analysis, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
  9. 9. Department of Global Health, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa
  10. 10. Department of Dermatology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
  11. 11. Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  12. 12. Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  13. 13. Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  14. 14. Australian Center for Precision Health, University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia
  15. 15. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia
  16. 16. John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MT, United States
  17. 17. Clinical Epidemiology Center, Department of Veterans Affairs, St Louis, MT, United States
  18. 18. Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  19. 19. Health Information, Management and Technology Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  20. 20. Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  21. 21. Health Economics Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  22. 22. Cardiology Department, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  23. 23. Research Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  24. 24. Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran
  25. 25. Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre, Berhan, Ethiopia
  26. 26. Department of Parasitology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  27. 27. Department of Parasitology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran
  28. 28. Department of Sociology and Social Work, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
  29. 29. Center for International Health, Ludwig Maximilians University, Munich, Germany
  30. 30. Department of Ophthalmology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, United States
  31. 31. School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom
  32. 32. Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania
  33. 33. Department of Health Policy Planning and Management, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
  34. 34. Unit of Biochemistry, Sultan Zainal Abidin University (Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin), Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia
  35. 35. Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
  36. 36. Polish Mothers’ Memorial, Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland
  37. 37. Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
  38. 38. Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
  39. 39. Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
  40. 40. T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  41. 41. Health Human Resources Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
  42. 42. Department of Statistical and Computational Genomics, National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
  43. 43. Department of Statistics, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
  44. 44. Centre for Global Child Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  45. 45. Centre of Excellence in Women & Child Health, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan
  46. 46. Institute of Soil and Environmental Sciences, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, Pakistan
  47. 47. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran
  48. 48. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Kermanshah, Iran
  49. 49. Department of Computer Science and Information Technology, Institute for Advanced Studies in, Basic Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
  50. 50. Department of Research and Innovation, Petanux Research GmBH, Bonn, Germany
  51. 51. Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
  52. 52. University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy
  53. 53. School of Public Health and Health Systems, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
  54. 54. Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
  55. 55. Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  56. 56. Department of Microbiology & Infection Control Medanta Medicity, Gurugram, India
  57. 57. Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
  58. 58. Department of Public Health, Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
  59. 59. Environmental Health Department, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia
  60. 60. Clinical Dermatology, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  61. 61. Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States
  62. 62. Department of Information Technology, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  63. 63. Toxoplasmosis Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
  64. 64. Wellcome Trust Brighton and Sussex Centre for Global Health Research, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom
  65. 65. School of Public Health, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
  66. 66. Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka
  67. 67. Center of Complexity Sciences National Autonomous, University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
  68. 68. Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Zootechnics Autonomous, University of Sinaloa, Culiacan Rosales, Mexico
  69. 69. Institute of Health Economics and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  70. 70. Reference Laboratory of Egyptian Universities Hospitals, Ministry of Higher Education and Research, Cairo, Egypt
  71. 71. Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
  72. 72. Department of Statistics, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  73. 73. Department of Political Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  74. 74. Department of Medical Parasitology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  75. 75. Nanotechnology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  76. 76. Department of Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  77. 77. National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
  78. 78. Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation
  79. 79. Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry (LAQV), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
  80. 80. Institute of Gerontology, National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine, Kyiv, Ukraine
  81. 81. Department of Medical Parasitology, Abadan Faculty of Medical Sciences, Abadan, Iran
  82. 82. School of Public Health Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Douglas, QLD, Australia
  83. 83. Department of Family and Community Medicine, University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq
  84. 84. Neurology Public Health and Disability Unit, Carlo Besta Neurological Institute IRCCS, (Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta), Milan, Italy
  85. 85. Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  86. 86. Department of Epidemiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai City, China
  87. 87. Department of Pharmacology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  88. 88. Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  89. 89. College of Law and Political Science, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  90. 90. School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
  91. 91. School of Business, London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom
  92. 92. Department of Public Health, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia
  93. 93. Department of Biological Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, ON, United States
  94. 94. Department of Pharmacology, Bangladesh Industrial Gases Limited, Tangail, Bangladesh
  95. 95. Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam
  96. 96. Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq
  97. 97. College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
  98. 98. Department of Community Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  99. 99. Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
  100. 100. Department of Epidemiology, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia
  101. 101. College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
  102. 102. Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  103. 103. Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India
  104. 104. Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
  105. 105. Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  106. 106. Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
  107. 107. Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland
  108. 108. School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
  109. 109. School of Management and Medical Informatics, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  110. 110. Institute for Prevention of Non-communicable Diseases, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  111. 111. Health Services Management Department, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
  112. 112. Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  113. 113. Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  114. 114. Pars Advanced and Minimally Invasive Medical Manners Research, Center Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  115. 115. Hematology Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  116. 116. Department of Applied Physics, The John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin Voivodeship, Poland
  117. 117. Department of Biology & Chemistry, Drohobych Ivan Franko State Pedagogical University, Drohobych, Ukraine
  118. 118. International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria
  119. 119. Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  120. 120. Department of Dermatology, Wolaita Sodo University, Wolaita Sodo, Ethiopia
  121. 121. Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  122. 122. Department of Biophysics and Molecular Biology, Baku State University, Baku, Azerbaijan
  123. 123. Institute of Radiation Problems, Azerbaijan National Academy of Sciences, Baku, Azerbaijan
  124. 124. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Health Services Academy, Islamabad, Pakistan
  125. 125. Department of Population Sciences, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
  126. 126. Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
  127. 127. Faculty of Health and Wellbeing, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom
  128. 128. College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States
  129. 129. Department of Medical Parasitology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
  130. 130. Department of Public Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  131. 131. Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia
  132. 132. School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia
  133. 133. Independent Consultant, Jakarta, Indonesia
  134. 134. Imperial College Business School, Imperial College, London, United Kingdom
  135. 135. Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia
  136. 136. Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
  137. 137. HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States
  138. 138. Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico
  139. 139. School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
  140. 140. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  141. 141. Department of Vector Biology, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Liverpool, United Kingdom
  142. 142. Radiology Department, Egypt Ministry of Health and Population, Mansoura, Egypt
  143. 143. Ophthalmology Department, Ministry of Health & Population, Aswan, Egypt
  144. 144. Environmental Health Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  145. 145. Environmental Health Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
  146. 146. Institute for Social Science Research, The University of Queensland, Indooroopilly, QLD, Australia
  147. 147. Plastic Surgery Department, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  148. 148. School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  149. 149. School of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
  150. 150. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  151. 151. Campus Caucaia, Federal Institute of Education Science and Technology of Ceara, Caucaia, Brazil
  152. 152. Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
  153. 153. Department of Ophthalmology, Singleton Hospital, Swansea, United Kingdom
  154. 154. Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
  155. 155. Peru Country Office, United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru
  156. 156. Department of Reproductive Health and Population Studies, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia
  157. 157. School of Medicine, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia
  158. 158. Department of Environmental Health Sciences and Technology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia
  159. 159. Clinical Microbiology and Parasitology Unit, Dr. Zora Profozic Polyclinic, Zagreb, Croatia
  160. 160. University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia
  161. 161. Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation Calverton, MD, United States
  162. 162. School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
  163. 163. Department of Environmental Health, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  164. 164. Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran
  165. 165. Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  166. 166. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
  167. 167. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
  168. 168. Kashmar Center of Higher Health Education, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
  169. 169. Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  170. 170. Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
  171. 171. Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia
  172. 172. Department of Epidemiology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  173. 173. Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
  174. 174. Clinical Research Development Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  175. 175. Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India
  176. 176. Department of Research and Analytics Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India
  177. 177. Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
  178. 178. Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania
  179. 179. Department of General Surgery Emergency Hospital of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  180. 180. Institute for Global Health Innovations, Duy Tan University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  181. 181. Center of Excellence in Behavioral Medicine, Nguyen Tat Thanh University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
  182. 182. Administrative and Economic Sciences Department, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania
  183. 183. Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  184. 184. Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
  185. 185. Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
  186. 186. Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaimaniyah, Iraq
  187. 187. Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria
  188. 188. Department of Health, Metrics, Center for Health Outcomes & Evaluation, Bucharest, Romania
  189. 189. Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Maragheh University of Medical Sciences, Maragheh, Iran
  190. 190. Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
  191. 191. Thalassemia and Hemoglobinopathy Research Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
  192. 192. Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  193. 193. Department of Community Medicine, Maharishi Markandeshwar Medical College & Hospital, Solan, India
  194. 194. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Mangalore, India
  195. 195. Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  196. 196. Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
  197. 197. WHO, Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
  198. 198. University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
  199. 199. Department of Computer Science, Boston University, Boston, MA, United States
  200. 200. School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
  201. 201. Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, Australia
  202. 202. Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia
  203. 203. Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
  204. 204. Center for Research in Congenital Anomalies and Rare Diseases, ICESI University (Centro de Investigaciones en Anomalias Congenitas y Enfermedades Raras Universidad Icesi), Cali, Colombia
  205. 205. Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
  206. 206. Public Health, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Qom, Iran
  207. 207. Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
  208. 208. Department of Phytochemistry, Soran University, Soran, Iraq
  209. 209. Department of Nutrition, Cihan University, Erbil, Iraq
  210. 210. Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
  211. 211. Department of Health and Society, Faculty of Medicine, University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia
  212. 212. National School of Public Health, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
  213. 213. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, United States
  214. 214. Public Health Division, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
  215. 215. Karachi, Pakistan
  216. 216. Faculty of Caring Science Work Life and Social Welfare, University of Boras, Boras, Sweden
  217. 217. Centre for Medical Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
  218. 218. Division of General Internal Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
  219. 219. Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  220. 220. College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
  221. 221. Public Health Dentistry, Department Krishna Institute of Medical Sciences Deemed to be University, Karad, India
  222. 222. Department of Law Economics Management and Quantitative Methods, University of Sannio, Benevento, Italy
  223. 223. WSB University in Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
  224. 224. School of Medicine, University of Alabama, Birmingham, AL, United States
  225. 225. Medicine Service US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Birmingham, AL, United States
  226. 226. Department of Ophthalmology, Hywel Dda, University Health Board, Llanelli, United Kingdom
  227. 227. Nursing Care Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
  228. 228. Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria
  229. 229. Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
  230. 230. Department of Biostatistics, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  231. 231. Non-communicable Diseases, Research Center, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  232. 232. Department of Global, Health Research, Adaptive Knowledge Management, Victoria, BC, Canada
  233. 233. Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
  234. 234. Department of Health, Economics, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam
  235. 235. Department of Allied Health Sciences, Iqra National University, Peshawar, Pakistan
  236. 236. Department of Medical Microbiology/Parasitology, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria
  237. 237. Kasturba Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India
  238. 238. Division of Health Sciences, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom
  239. 239. Control of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
  240. 240. Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
  241. 241. Occupational Health Unit, Sant’ Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy
  242. 242. Department of Public Health, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
  243. 243. Department of Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
  244. 244. School of International Development and Global Studies, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
  245. 245. The George Institute for Global Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
  246. 246. Health Services Management Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  247. 247. Department of Health Management, Policy and Economics, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  248. 248. Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  249. 249. Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
  250. 250. Department of Neuropsychopharmacology, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Japan
  251. 251. Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
  252. 252. Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  253. 253. School of Public Health and Management, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
  254. 254. Department of Health care Management and Economics, Urmia University of Medical Science, Urmia, Iran
  255. 255. Department of Parasitology and Entomology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  256. 256. The School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
  257. 257. Maternal and Child Health Division, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh
  258. 258. School of Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
  259. 259. School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  260. 260. Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
  261. 261. Department of Health Education and Health Promotion, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran

Source: PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases Published:2021


Abstract

Recent evidence suggests that, in some foci, elimination of onchocerciasis from Africa may be feasible with mass drug administration (MDA) of ivermectin. To achieve continental elimination of transmission, mapping surveys will need to be conducted across all implementation units (IUs) for which endemicity status is currently unknown. Using boosted regression tree models with optimised hyperparameter selection, we estimated environmental suitability for onchocerciasis at the 5 × 5-km resolution across Africa. In order to classify IUs that include locations that are environmentally suitable, we used receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis to identify an optimal threshold for suitability concordant with locations where onchocerciasis has been previously detected. This threshold value was then used to classify IUs (more suitable or less suitable) based on the location within the IU with the largest mean prediction. Mean estimates of environmental suitability suggest large areas across West and Central Africa, as well as focal areas of East Africa, are suitable for onchocerciasis transmission, consistent with the presence of current control and elimination of transmission efforts. The ROC analysis identified a mean environmental suitability index of 0.71 as a threshold to classify based on the location with the largest mean prediction within the IU. Of the IUs considered for mapping surveys, 50.2% exceed this threshold for suitability in at least one 5×5-km location. The formidable scale of data collection required to map onchocerciasis endemicity across the African continent presents an opportunity to use spatial data to identify areas likely to be suitable for onchocerciasis transmission. National onchocerciasis elimination programmes may wish to consider prioritising these IUs for mapping surveys as human resources, laboratory capacity, and programmatic schedules may constrain survey implementation, and possibly delaying MDA initiation in areas that would ultimately qualify. © 2021, Public Library of Science. All rights reserved.