Hydrocephalus: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Treatment



Pourrashidi A¹ ; Aarabi JA² Show Affiliations
Source: Hydrocephalus: From Diagnosis to Treatment Published:2021

Abstract

Hydrocephalus remains as a complex topic in neurosurgery that is often characterized by ventricular enlargement and high intracranial pressure. Historically, researchers have explored the etiology of the underlying mechanisms and best available treatments. Dandy was a trailblazer for experimental studies on hydrocephalus about a century ago, and his findings still resonate with researchers concerning this condition. Today, however, our knowledge of hydrocephalus is still limited to cerebral spinal fluid (CSF) production and absorption impairment that can lead to increased accumulation and symptomatic conditions. Hemodynamic and bulk-flow theories explain how hydrocephalus occurs and progresses. Despite these research efforts, there is a paucity of information about the primary mechanism of hydrocephalus. Pathological results reveal congenital or acquired-based primary or secondary hydrocephalus. Treatments have consisted of head bandaging and different types of CSF drainage. Although CSF shunting has revolutionized neurosurgery, at times, shunt complications have been risky. Since this is an ongoing issue in neurosurgery, it requires more research. In the context of this topic, an overview is provided to expand the concept of hydrocephalus. © 2021 Nova Science Publishers, Inc.