Efficacy of Deep Brain Stimulation in Locomotor Function Recovery Post-Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Publisher



P Javadnia PARISA ; Ar Bahadori Amir REZA ; S Ahmadi SARA ; I Amanizadeh IMAN ; Ma Fathollahi Mohammad AMIN ; A Davari AFSHAN ; A Tafakhori ABBAS ; A Soltani Khaboushan ALIREZA ; S Shafiee SAJAD ; S Ranji SARA
Source: Egyptian Journal of Neurology, Psychiatry and Neurosurgery Published:2025

Abstract

Background: Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a debilitating condition affecting the young demographic and represents a significant clinical challenge due to the complexities associated with rehabilitating locomotor function. Aim: This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to investigate the impact of deep brain stimulation (DBS) on SCI. Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis were executed following PRISMA guidelines. Data were thoroughly examined across several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, with a cutoff date of 15 December 2024. Statistical evaluations were performed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software version 3.0. Results: The review incorporated nine studies including both animal and human participants with SCI that underwent DBS, four of which were subjected to meta-analysis. Targeted DBS sites included the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR), nucleus raphe magnus (NRM), periaqueductal gray matter (PAG), and lateral hypothalamus. The meta-analysis comprised 154 rats; results indicated a significant enhancement in the BBB locomotion score post-DBS implantation (standardized mean difference (SMD) = − 2.028, 95% CI: − 3.144 to − 0.913, p < 0.001). However, a notable high degree of heterogeneity was observed (Q = 90.901, I2 = 94.500, p < 0.001). There were no reported adverse events associated with the interventions. The quality assessments of the included studies revealed a low risk of bias. Conclusion: The findings suggest that DBS, mainly targeting the MLR, demonstrates significant efficacy in motor rehabilitation in animal models. Consequently, it is advisable to consider further clinical trial studies to assess the safety and efficacy of this intervention in individuals with incomplete spinal cord injuries. © 2025 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.