Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks

Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks Publisher

Hadei M^{1, 2} ; Shahsavani A^{3, 4} ; Krzyzanowski M⁵ ; Querol X⁶ ; Stafoggia M⁷ ; Nazari SSH⁸ ; Jafari AJ⁹ ; Yarahmadi M¹⁰ ; Kermani M⁹ ; Khosravi A¹⁰

Show Affiliations

1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Environmental and Occupational Hazards Control Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
4. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
5. Environmental Research Group, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
6. Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Barcelona, Spain
7. Department of Epidemiology, Lazio Regional Health Service/ASL Roma 1, Rome, Italy
8. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
9. Research Center for Environmental Health Technology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
10. Environmental and Occupational Health Center, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran

Source: Atmospheric Environment Published:2020

Abstract

The objective of this study was to determine the population exposure to PM2.5, and to quantify the effect of eliminating short-term pollution peaks on the number of cause-specific deaths, the number of years of life lost (YLL), and economic losses attributed to exposure to PM2.5 in 25 Iranian cities with available air quality data. Number of deaths and YLL were estimated with AirQ + software tool using available concentration-response functions and life table approach. Furthermore, the value of lost life in each city were calculated using the Value of Statistical Life (VSL) method. Two scenarios were defined; Scenario A, considering actual observed concentrations to estimate the real health effects of PM2.5, and Scenario B, controlling for the effect of air pollution episodes. The results showed that the annual average concentrations of PM2.5 in cities were 1.5–6.1 times higher than the guideline value of WHO (10 μg/m³). The total number of all-cause deaths due to long-term exposure exceeding WHO air quality guideline level was 13321 (95% C.I.: 8837–17378) cases per year in all cities. The total numbers of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), lung cancer, ischemic heart disease (IHD), and stroke deaths attributed to the exposure were 274, 315, 1536, and 963 cases, respectively. The total number of YLL over 10 years period in all 25 cities was 486,289 years and the loss of life expectancy ranged from 0.43 to 1.87 years. The sum of economic losses due to lost life exceeded 5.8 billion USD. Except for some cities, avoiding highly polluted days in Scenario B would result in only 5% reduction in overall health or economic effects. These results indicate an urgent need for new comprehensive plans to tackle air pollution in Iranian cities focused on reduction of long term average pollution levels since programs for avoiding highly polluted days lead to a limited health benefits only. © 2020

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Style	Citing Format
MLA	Hadei M, et al.. "Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks." Atmospheric Environment, vol. 224, no. , 2020, pp. -.
APA	Hadei M, Shahsavani A, Krzyzanowski M, Querol X, Stafoggia M, Nazari SSH, Jafari AJ, Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Khosravi A (2020). Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks. Atmospheric Environment, 224(), -.
Chicago	Hadei M, Shahsavani A, Krzyzanowski M, Querol X, Stafoggia M, Nazari SSH, Jafari AJ, Yarahmadi M, Kermani M, Khosravi A. "Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks." Atmospheric Environment 224, no. (2020): -.
Harvard	Hadei M et al. (2020) 'Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks', Atmospheric Environment, 224(), pp. -.
Vancouver	Hadei M, Shahsavani A, Krzyzanowski M, Querol X, Stafoggia M, Nazari SSH, et al.. Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks. Atmospheric Environment. 2020;224():-.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Hadei M and Shahsavani A and Krzyzanowski M and Querol X and Stafoggia M and Nazari SSH and Jafari AJ and Yarahmadi M and Kermani M and Khosravi A}, title = {Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks}, journal = {Atmospheric Environment}, volume = {224}, number = {}, pages = {-}, year = {2020} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Hadei M AU - Shahsavani A AU - Krzyzanowski M AU - Querol X AU - Stafoggia M AU - Nazari SSH AU - Jafari AJ AU - Yarahmadi M AU - Kermani M AU - Khosravi A TI - Burden of Mortality Attributed to Pm2.5 Exposure in Cities of Iran; Contribution of Short-Term Pollution Peaks JO - Atmospheric Environment VL - 224 IS - SP - EP - PY - 2020 ER -

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