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Determination of Heavy Metals, Nitrate and Nitrite in Mineral and Drinking Bottled Water in Tehran, Iran: A Health Risk Assessment by Monte-Carlo Simulation Method Publisher



Aslani R1 ; Esmaeili S2 ; Akbari ME3 ; Molaeeaghaee E1, 4 ; Sadighara P1 ; Nazmara S5 ; Mahmoudi B5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Division of Food Safety and Hygiene, Department of Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Food Technology Research, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Cancer Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Heliyon Published:2024


Abstract

Heavy metals, nitrate, and nitrite pose significant risks to public health and have raised substantial concern worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the content of nitrate, nitrite, and heavy metals, including Ba, Be, Ca, Fe, K, Li, Mg, Mn, Mo, and Na, in 30 bottled water brands in winter and summer in Tehran, Iran. Heavy metal contents in the samples were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectroscopy (ICP-OES), and nitrate and nitrite contents were analyzed using Ion Chromatography (IC). Nitrate concentrations ranged from 0.28 to 38.87 mg/L, and nitrite contents ranged from 0.001 to 0.13 mg/L. The mean concentration of Ba, Ca, K, Li, Mg, Mn, and Na in the bottled drinking water brands were 11.30, 7874.40, 121.27, 2.52, 4960.49, 0.22, and 12321.70 μg/L; and in the bottled mineral water brands were 15.71, 12262.05, 166.38, 4.13, 3747.07,
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