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Anti-Biofilm and Bystander Effects of Antimicrobial Photo-Sonodynamic Therapy Against Polymicrobial Periopathogenic Biofilms Formed on Coated Orthodontic Mini-Screws With Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Publisher Pubmed



Bahrami R1 ; Pourhajibagher M2 ; Parker S3 ; Esmaeili D4 ; Bahador A5, 6
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Dental Research Center, Dentistry Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Leicester School of Pharmacy, De Montfort University, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom
  4. 4. Department of Medical Bacteriology, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Fellowship in Clinical Laboratory Sciences, BioHealth Lab, Tehran, Iran

Source: Photodiagnosis and Photodynamic Therapy Published:2023


Abstract

Background: The present study evaluated the anti-biofilm and bystander effects of antimicrobial photo-sonodynamic therapy (aPSDT) on the polymicrobial periopathogenic biofilms formed on mini-screws coated with zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnONPs). Materials and methods: Thirty orthodontic identical mini-screws were divided into 6 groups (n = 5) as follows: 1. negative control: uncoated mini-screw + phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), 2. positive control: uncoated mini-screw + 0.2% CHX, 3. coating control: coated mini-screw + PBS, 4. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT): coated mini-screw+light emitting diode (LED), 5. Antimicrobial sonodynamic therapy (aSDT): coated mini-screw+ultrasound waves, and 6. aPSDT: coated mini-screw+LED+ultrasound waves. Electrostatic spray-assisted vapor deposition was employed to coat ZnONPs on titanium mini-screws. The biofilm inhibition test was used to assess the anti-biofilm efficacy against polymicrobial periopathogenic biofilms including Porphyromonas gingivitis, Prevotella intermedia, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, and the results were shown as the percent reduction of Log10 colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL. Following each treatment, the gene expression levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 were evaluated on human gingival fibroblast (HGF) cells via quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to reveal the bystander effects of aPSDT on HGF cells. Results: A significant reduction in log10 CFU/mL of periopathogens was observed in groups treated with aPDT, aSDT, aPSDT, and 0.2% CHX up to 6.81, 6.63, 5.02, and 4.83 log, respectively, when compared with control groups (P<0.05). 0.2% CHX and aPSDT groups demonstrated significantly higher capacity in eliminating the periopathogen biofilm compared with other groups (P<0.05). The qRT-PCR showed that the expression level of inflammatory cytokines was significantly down regulated in aPDT, aSDT, and aPSDT groups (P<0.05). Conclusion: It was found that the ZnONPs-mediated aPSDT could significantly reduce periopathogen biofilm as well as the expression level of inflammatory cytokines. © 2023
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