Tehran University of Medical Sciences

Science Communicator Platform

Stay connected! Follow us on X network (Twitter):
Share this content! On (X network) By
Sleep Quality and Associated Factors Among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran: A Nationwide Survey Using Respondent-Driven Sampling Publisher Pubmed



Moradzadeh R1, 2 ; Haghigh KS2 ; Najafi A2 ; Sharifi H3 ; Abdolmohamadi N4 ; Hadavandsiri F2 ; Akbarpour S5, 6
Authors
Show Affiliations
Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Epidemiology, School of Health, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
  2. 2. Occupational Sleep Research Center, Baharloo Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, and WHO Collaborating Center for HIV Surveillance, Institute for Futures Studies in Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
  4. 4. Students’ Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Sleep Breathing Disorders Research Center (SBDRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  6. 6. Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: BMC Public Health Published:2024


Abstract

Background: Poor sleep quality is a significant issue among people who inject drugs (PWID). This study aimed to evaluate sleep quality and associated factors among PWID in Iran. Methods: Using respondent-driven sampling, 2,652 PWID (2,563 male) were recruited in 11 major cities in Iran between 2019 and 2020. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was utilized to measure sleep quality, and logistic regression was used to assess associations in RDSAnalyst, a software designed for respondent-driven sampling. Results: The overall prevalence of poor sleep quality was 68.4% (68.3% among males and 70.2% among females). Married PWID had higher odds of poor sleep quality (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 1.41; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.91). Lack of access to sufficient food in the past 12 months was also associated with poor sleep quality (AOR: 1.73; 95% CI: 1.17, 2.57 for sometimes having no access, and AOR: 2.95; 95% CI: 1.93, 4.52 for always having no access compared to always having access). Additionally, good self-rated health was significantly associated with lower odds of poor sleep quality (AOR: 0.19; 95% CI: 0.11, 0.31). Conclusion: Poor sleep quality is prevalent among PWID in Iran. It is recommended to mitigate the adverse effects of this issue and enhance the overall quality of life for PWID. Supportive interventions aimed at preventing and treating poor sleep quality, as well as improving overall health outcomes, are essential. © The Author(s) 2024.
Related Docs
View other Related Docs
1. Food Insecurity Is Associated With the Sleep Quality and Quantity in Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, Public Health Nutrition (2023)
2. Associations Between Food Insecurity and Sleep Duration, Quality, and Disturbance Among Older Adults From Six Low‐ and Middle‐Income Countries, Journal of Nutrition# Health and Aging (2024)
3. Food Insecurity and the Risk of Sleep Disorders in People Living With Hiv/Aids As a Neglected Health Concern: A National Survey in Iran, Heliyon (2024)
4. Effects of Treatment of Sleep Disorders on Sleep, Psychological and Cognitive Functioning and Biomarkers in Individuals With Hiv/Aids and Under Methadone Maintenance Therapy, Journal of Psychiatric Research (2020)
5. Focusing Attention on the Important Association Between Food Insecurity and Psychological Distress: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis, BMC Nutrition (2024)
6. Public Injecting and Its Association With Mental Health and Other Drug-Related Outcomes Among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment (2022)
7. Validity and Reliability of the Dysfunctional Beliefs and Attitudes About Sleep Scale-10 in Iranian Clinical Population, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences (2018)
8. When Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury Predicts Non‐Suicidal Self‐Injury and Poor Sleep—Results From a Larger Cross‐Sectional and Quasi‐Longitudinal Study, International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health (2021)
Experts (# of related papers)
View all Related Experts
Khosro Sadeghniat (7)
Samaneh Akbarpour (5)
Other Related Docs
9. Measurement Invariance of the General Health Questionnaire (Ghq-12) Across Gender and Age: Demographic and Medical Correlates of Mental Health in Patients With Covid-19, Frontiers in Psychology (2023)
10. Sleep Problems, Social Anxiety and Stuttering Severity in Adults Who Do and Adults Who Do Not Stutter, Journal of Clinical Medicine (2023)
11. Sleep Quality in Prisoners With Substance Use Disorder (Sud) in Iran—A Cross-Sectional Study, Journal of Substance Use (2020)
12. Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Its Association With Sleep, Stress, Anxiety, and Depression Score: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Diabetic Women, Clinical Nutrition ESPEN (2020)
13. Evaluation of the Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Sleep Problems With Annoyance Caused by Exposure to Environmental Noise in the Adult Population of Tehran Metropolitan City, Iran, Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering (2022)
14. Association Between Mediterranean Dietary Pattern With Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality and Brain Derived Neurotrophic Factor (Bdnf) in Iranian Adults, Scientific Reports (2023)
15. Associated Factors of Sleep Quality in Hiv-Positive Individuals, Future Virology (2015)
16. Psychosocial Issues and Sleep Quality Among Seafarers: A Mixed Methods Study, BMC Public Health (2022)
17. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version of the Geriatric Sleep Questionnaire (P-Gsq), Cranio - Journal of Craniomandibular and Sleep Practice (2024)
18. Potential Prevalence, Pattern, and Risk Factors of Insomnia Symptoms in Adolescent Elite Athletes, Zeitschrift fur Sportpsychologie (2022)
19. Correlates of Duration Between Initial Drug Use and First Drug Injection Among People Who Inject Drugs in Iran, 2020, BMC Public Health (2025)
20. Sleep Quality in Long Haul Truck Drivers: A Study on Iranian National Data, Chinese Journal of Traumatology - English Edition (2016)
21. Association of Sleep Characteristics and Respiratory Symptoms at a Smelting Factory, Work (2022)
22. Visual Attention and Poor Sleep Quality, Frontiers in Neuroscience (2022)
23. Evaluation of Sleep Disorders in the Elderly With Vestibular Vertigo, Journal of Health Sciences and Surveillance System (2025)
24. Melatonin Effects in Women With Comorbidities of Overweight, Depression, and Sleep Disturbance: A Randomized Placebo Controlled Clinical Trial, Sleep Medicine Research (2022)
25. Sleep Profiles in Epilepsy Patients Undergoing Monotherapy and Polytherapy: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study, Epilepsy and Behavior (2024)
26. Poor Maternal Sleep Health Adversely Affects Neonatal and Pregnancy Outcomes: An Important Ignored Health Issue in Prenatal Care, Journal of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Cancer Research (2024)
27. The Association Between Cholesterol/Saturated Fat Index (Csi) and Quality of Sleep, and Circadian Rhythm Among Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, Journal of Health# Population and Nutrition (2023)
28. Compared to Individuals With Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa), Individuals With Severe Osa Had Higher Bmi and Respiratory-Disturbance Scores, Life (2021)
29. Comparing the Effects of Melatonin and Zolpidem on Sleep Quality, Depression, and Anxiety in Patients With Colorectal Cancer Under Going Chemotherapy, Basic and Clinical Neuroscience (2021)
30. Association Between Oxidative Balance Score and Risk of Postpartum Depression in Iranian Women: A Prospective Cohort Study, Scientific Reports (2025)
31. Sleep Characteristics of Iranian People and Their Effects on Daytime Functioning: A Population-Based Study, Scientific Reports (2022)
32. Characterizing People Who Inject Drugs With No History of Opioid Agonist Therapy Uptake in Iran: Results From a National Bio-Behavioural Surveillance Survey in 2020, International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction (2022)
33. Covid-19 Vaccination and Psychological Status of Iranian Dental Students, Frontiers in Public Health (2022)
34. Assessment the Health-Related Quality of Life in Women With Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, Tehran University Medical Journal (2020)
35. Diet Quality Indices Are Associated With Sleep and Mental Health Status Among Diabetic Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, Eating and Weight Disorders (2022)
36. Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale: Translation, Test, and Evaluation of Psychometric Properties of the Persian Version, Nature and Science of Sleep (2020)
37. The Efficacy of Vitamin B6 As an Adjunctive Therapy to Lithium in Improving the Symptoms of Acute Mania in Patients With Bipolar Disorder, Type 1; a Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled, Clinical Trial, Brain and Behavior (2021)
38. Components of Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Iranian Adult Population: An Item Response Theory Model, Sleep Medicine: X (2021)
39. When Much Is Too Much—Compared to Light Exercisers, Heavy Exercisers Report More Mental Health Issues and Stress, But Less Sleep Complaints, Healthcare (Switzerland) (2021)
40. The Effect of Group Cognitive Behavioural Therapy for Insomnia in Postmenopausal Women, Journal of Sleep Research (2021)
41. Effects of Aphrodite (An Herbal Compound) on Ssri-Induced Sexual Dysfunctions and Depression in Females With Major Depressive Disorder: Findings From a Randomized Clinical Trial, Medicina (Lithuania) (2023)
42. Prevalence and Effects of Sleep Disorders Among Shift-Working Nurse, Annals of Tropical Medicine and Public Health (2018)
43. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (Act) Improves Sleep Quality, Experiential Avoidance, and Emotion Regulation in Individuals With Insomnia—Results From a Randomized Interventional Study, Life (2021)
44. The Mediating Role of Sleep Quality Between Pre-Sleep Portable Media Device Use and Nursing Performance, Scientific Reports (2024)
45. Happiness, Sleep Quality, and Self-Care Ability Among Community-Dwelling Older Adults in Tehran, 2023, BMC Geriatrics (2024)
46. Association of Healthy Beverage Index With Circadian Rhythm and Quality of Sleep Among Overweight and Obese Women: A Cross-Sectional Study, Eating and Weight Disorders (2022)
47. Non-Visual Effects of the Light Source “Correlated Color Temperature” on Electroencephalographic Spectral Power, Sleepiness and Neurobehavioral Performance, Iran Occupational Health (2020)
48. Diet in Relation to Metabolic, Sleep and Psychological Health Status (Dimets): Protocol for a Cross-Sectional Study, BMJ Open (2023)
49. Memantine for Prophylactic Treatment of Migraine Without Aura: A Randomized Double-Blind Placebo-Controlled Study, Headache (2016)
50. Sleep Quality and Its Association With Psychological Distress and Sleep Hygiene: A Crosssectional Study Among Pre-Clinical Medical Students, Sleep Science (2018)