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Clustering of Methamphetamine Users Based on Personality Characteristics and Self-Efficacy in the West of Iran Publisher Pubmed



Ahmadi Jouybari T1 ; Zakiei A2 ; Salemi S1 ; Lak Z3 ; Mohebian M1, 6 ; Castaldellimaia JM4, 5 ; Bajoghli H6 ; Hookari S1, 7 ; Kamani M8
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  2. 2. Sleep Disorders Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  3. 3. Science and Research Branch, Faculty of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Neuroscience, Medical School, FMABC University Center, SP, Santo Andre, Brazil
  5. 5. Department of Psychiatry, Medical School, University of Sao Paulo, SP, Sao Paulo, Brazil
  6. 6. Iranian National Center for Addiction Studies (INCAS), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  7. 7. Clinical Research Development Center, Imam Khomeini and Mohammad Kermanshahi and Farabi Hospitals, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
  8. 8. Sirjan School of Medical Sciences, Sirjan, Iran

Source: Scientific Reports Published:2024


Abstract

With the substantial increase in the use of stimulants, especially methamphetamine, in recent years, the present study aimed to cluster methamphetamine users based on personality traits and self-efficacy, and compare their mental health, sleep quality, and the risk of relapse in the identified clusters. This cross-sectional study was conducted through convenience sampling on 501 methamphetamine users in addiction treatment centers in Kermanshah, western Iran. The data were collected using the Schwarzer General Self-Efficacy Scale, Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, Goldberg and Hiller General Health Questionnaire (GHQ), Zuckerman–Kuhlman Personality Questionnaire, and Stimulant Relapse Risk Scale (SRRS). A total of 501 methamphetamine users were distinguished into three clusters with frequencies of 111 (22.2%), 298 (59.5%), and 92 (18.4%) members through hierarchical cluster analysis. The participants in the first cluster were characterized by low self-efficacy, high neuroticism, sensation seeking, and aggressiveness, along with low extroversion and activity, low positive health, high negative health, low sleep quality, and high risk of drug relapse. The participants in the second cluster reported moderate levels of self-efficacy, neuroticism, sensation seeking, activity, and aggressiveness, high extroversion, and moderate levels of mental health, sleep quality, and the risk of relapse. Moreover, the participants in the third cluster reported the highest level of self-efficacy, the lowest level of neuroticism, sensation seeking, and aggressiveness, moderate extroversion and high activity, low relapse risk, high sleep quality, as well as high positive and low negative health symptoms. The third cluster was significantly different from the other two clusters in terms of the mentioned factors. The findings of this study suggest that low self-efficacy and the presence of neuroticism, sensation seeking, and high aggressiveness contribute to reduced mental health and sleep quality, as well as an increased risk of relapse in methamphetamine users. © The Author(s) 2024.
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