Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce

Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce Publisher

Hamdi H^{1, 2} ; Soleymani S¹ ; Zargaran A^{1, 3}

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1. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2. School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3. Department of History of Medicine, School of Persian Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

Source: Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine Published:2022

Abstract

Background: Historical evidence revealed that alcoholic beverages have been produced, used and abused thousands of years before the discovery of alcohol by Rhazes for medical purposes. Alcohol-induced liver disease (e.g., steatosis, steatohepatitis, fibrosis and cirrhosis) is one of the most prevalent causes of chronic liver disease all over the world. This study aims to find the early report of this complication in an ancient Persian historical text. Methods: In this study, the book of Minooye Kherad, a Zoroastrian manuscript on wisdom which was written in the late Sassanid Empire (224–637 CE) is reviewed. Results: However, the concept of alcohol hepatotoxicity as one of the most important complications of alcoholism is a new terminology, by researching historical documents it can be found that one of the oldest reports of benefits and disadvantages of drinking wine focusing on liver complications is mentioned in the book of Minooye. Conclusion: Description of the liver disease and damage caused by excessive alcohol consumption in this valuable book can be considered as the early report of hepatotoxicity of alcoholic beverages in the medical history. © The Author(s).

Style	Citing Format
MLA	Hamdi H, Soleymani S, Zargaran A. "Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce." Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, vol. 13, no. 2, 2022, pp. 431-435.
APA	Hamdi H, Soleymani S, Zargaran A (2022). Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 13(2), 431-435.
Chicago	Hamdi H, Soleymani S, Zargaran A. "Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce." Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine 13, no. 2 (2022): 431-435.
Harvard	Hamdi H, Soleymani S, Zargaran A (2022) 'Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce', Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine, 13(2), pp. 431-435.
Vancouver	Hamdi H, Soleymani S, Zargaran A. Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce. Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine. 2022;13(2):431-435.
BibTex	@article{ author = {Hamdi H and Soleymani S and Zargaran A}, title = {Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce}, journal = {Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine}, volume = {13}, number = {2}, pages = {431-435}, year = {2022} }
RIS	TY - JOUR AU - Hamdi H AU - Soleymani S AU - Zargaran A TI - Early Historical Report of Alcohol Hepatotoxicity in Minooye Kherad, a Pahlavi Manuscript in Ancient Persia, 6Th Century Ce JO - Caspian Journal of Internal Medicine VL - 13 IS - 2 SP - 431 EP - 435 PY - 2022 ER -

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