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The Electrochemical Degradation of the Metronidazole (Mnz) Antibiotic Using Electrochemical Oxidation on a Stainless Steel316 Coated With Beta Lead Oxide (Ss316/Β-Pbo2) Anode Publisher



Saadi S1 ; Moteshaker PM2 ; Rokni SE2 ; Ahmadidoust G3 ; Farnoodian N4 ; Yousefi A5
Authors
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Authors Affiliations
  1. 1. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
  2. 2. Department of Natural Resources and Environment, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  3. 3. Department of Environmental Health Engineering, School of Public Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
  4. 4. Department of Environment and Energy, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
  5. 5. Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Islamic Azad University Bonab, Bonab, Iran

Source: International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering Published:2020


Abstract

Metronidazole (MNZ) is one of the pharmaceutical products which is considered as one of the most important pollutants in the environment due to its wide use and resistance to biodegradation. Hence, the purpose of this study is the optimization of the electrochemical degradation of the metronidazole (MNZ) antibiotic using electrochemical oxidation on a stainless steel316 coated with beta lead oxide (SS316/β-PbO2) anode. In the studied electrochemical process, the response surface methodology (RSM) involving a five-level ((pH (A) and electrolysis time (B), current density (C), and MNZ concentration (D)). The central composite design (CCD) was employed for optimizing and modeling of the electrochemical process in the degradation of MNZ. The preparation of SS316/β-PbO2 anode was accomplished using the electro-deposition method. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses were conducted for accurate evaluation and characterization of the coated electrode. The effect of influencing factors on electrochemical degradation of MNZ was studied, and the highest MNZ degradation efficiency was observed to be 98.88% after 120 min under the optimal conditions including the supporting electrolyte concentration of 1.0 g/100 cc, the initial MNZ concentration of 30.1 mg/L, pH of 4 and the current density of 9.99 mA/cm2. The linear regression coefficient (R 2) between experiments and different response values in the model was 0.99. Moreover, the statistical analysis of the results indicated that in the range studied, the most effective parameters in MNZ degradation are MNZ concentration and pH. In general, it can be concluded that the electrochemical process using SS316/β-PbO2 anode can effectively eliminate metronidazole, and it can be considered as an efficient method in the degradation of various pollutants. © 2020 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston 2020.
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