Cell Phones Publisher



Ataei M^{1, 2} ; Abdollahi M^{1, 2} Show Affiliations
Source: Encyclopedia of Toxicology# Fourth Edition: Volume 1-9 Published:2023

Abstract

Radiofrequency is non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation typically emitted by cell phones. While there may once have been questions about whether cell phone usage could be associated with cancer and other health risks to humans, the scientific consensus as of 2023 is that there is no credible evidence to implicate cell phones in adverse human health effects. Neither ongoing epidemiological nor in vivo studies, such as those conducted by the US FDA and the National Cancer Institute over, in some cases, decades, have not shown any significant cause for concern for cellphone use. However, the IARC considered cell phones a possible carcinogen to humans. Radiation from cell phones could target several organs and tissues like CNS and the reproductive systems. Some studies did not report significant harmful results. Moreover, distance and time of exposure are two critical factors that should be considered. Monitoring continues, including for possible consequences of 5G (5th generation), but to date, cell phones and other wireless devices have generally proven their safety to humans based on their intended and recommended use. On the other hand, electronic waste, to including cell phones, has become a burgeoning problem that impacts the environment and health (especially children) and must be controlled. Waste materials from discarded cell phones could reach water and result in ecotoxicity. This chapter discusses the concerns about possible toxic and adverse effects in both experimental animals and humans, focusing on radiation and e-waste. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.